Frasier
| Frasier | |
|---|---|
 Season 11 title screen |
|
| Format | Sitcom |
| Created by | David Angell Peter Casey David Lee |
| Starring | Kelsey Grammer Jane Leeves David Hyde Pierce Peri Gilpin John Mahoney Dan Butler (season 4–6, recurring otherwise) Moose (uncredited) Enzo (uncredited) |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Language(s) | English |
| No. of seasons | 11 |
| No. of episodes | 264 (List of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Executive producer(s) | Peter Casey David Lee (both; entire run) David Angell (seasons 1–8) Christopher Lloyd (seasons 2–8 and 11) Kelsey Grammer (seasons 6–11) Joe Keenan (seasons 6–7 and 11) Dan O'Shannon (seasons 9–10) Mark Reisman (season 9) Rob Hanning (season 10) Sam Johnson & Chris Marcil Lori Kirkland Baker Jeffrey Richman (all; seasons 10–11) |
| Producer(s) | Maggie Blanc |
| Camera setup | Film; Multi-camera |
| Running time | 24 minutes |
| Production company(s) | Grub Street Productions Grammnet Productions (seasons 10–11, uncredited) Paramount Network Television |
| Distributor | CBS Television Distribution |
| Broadcast | |
| Original channel | NBC |
| Picture format | 480i (SDTV; NTSC in US broadcasts, shown in PAL or NTSC in international syndication) 1080i (HDTV; seasons 10–11) |
| Audio format | Stereo |
| Original run | September 16, 1993 – May 13, 2004 |
| Status | Ended |
| Chronology | |
| Preceded by | Cheers |
| Related shows | The Tortellis |
Frasier is an American sitcom that was broadcast on NBC for eleven seasons, from September 16, 1993 to May 13, 2004. The program was created and produced by David Angell, Peter Casey, and David Lee (as Grub Street Productions) in association with Grammnet (2004) and Paramount Network Television.
A spin-off from Cheers, Frasier stars Kelsey Grammer as psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane; David Hyde Pierce, John Mahoney, Jane Leeves, Peri Gilpin, and Moose (later, Enzo; both Jack Russell Terriers, uncredited). It is one of the most successful spin-off series in television history and one of the most critically acclaimed comedy series of all time.
Contents |
Situation
Psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane (Grammer) returns to his hometown of Seattle, Washington, following the end of his marriage and his life in Boston (as seen in Cheers). His plans for a new life as a bachelor are complicated when he is obliged to take in his father, retired police officer Martin (Mahoney), who is unable to live by himself after being shot in the line of duty. Frasier and Martin are joined by Daphne Moon (Leeves), Martin's eccentric English live-in physical therapist and caretaker, and Martin's dog Eddie (played by Moose and Enzo). Frasier's younger brother Niles (Pierce), a fellow psychiatrist, frequently visits their apartment. Niles' infatuation with, and eventual love for Daphne—feelings which he does not confess to her openly until the final episode of the seventh season—form a complex story arc that spans the entire series.
Frasier hosts the popular The Dr. Frasier Crane Show on the talk radio station KACL.[1] While his producer Roz Doyle (Gilpin) is very different from Frasier in taste and temperament, over time they become very close friends. Frasier and the others often visit the local coffee shop Café Nervosa, the scene of many of their comic adventures.
The sons, who possess fine tastes, intellectual interests, and high opinions of themselves, frequently clash with their blue-collar, down-to-earth father. Frasier and Niles' relationship is often also turbulent; while very close, their intense sibling rivalry frequently results in chaos. Other recurring themes include the breakdown of Niles' marriage to the never-seen Maris, Frasier's search for love in his own life, and the various attempts of the two brothers to gain acceptance into Seattle's cultural elite.
Cast
Much like its predecessor Cheers, Frasier was based on an ensemble cast, centering the storylines around the same group of characters.[2]
| Character | Actor | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Frasier Crane | Kelsey Grammer | The title character, working as a radio psychiatrist |
| Niles Crane | David Hyde Pierce | Frasier Crane's younger brother, also a psychiatrist who works in private practice. |
| Martin Crane | John Mahoney | Father of Frasier and Niles. A police officer who was forced to retire due to a gunshot wound to his hip that leads to his living with Frasier. |
| Daphne Moon | Jane Leeves | English physiotherapist hired by Frasier to help his father. |
| Roz Doyle | Peri Gilpin | The producer of Frasier's radio show, who becomes a close family friend |
| Eddie | Moose / Enzo (uncredited) | Martin Crane's pet Jack Russell Terrier |
The lead actors were with the show for all of its 11 years.[3] Grammer was briefly the highest paid television actor in the United States for his portrayal of Frasier, while Jane Leeves was the highest paid British actress.[4][5] Following his many appearances in Cheers, Grammer tied the record for the longest running character in prime time, equalling James Arness' twenty years as Marshal Dillon on Gunsmoke[4], but this was beaten by the principal cast of The Simpsons, although Grammer and Arness still hold the record in live action.
Originally there was to be no brother because Frasier told his bar friends at Cheers that he was an only child,[6] but Pierce's acting ability and resemblance to a young Grammer resulted in the role being created.[7] Martin Crane is based on creator Casey's father, who spent 34 years with the San Francisco Police Department; Grammer, who lost his father as a child, and the childless Mahoney immediately built a close father-son relationship.[6] Roz Doyle was originally to be played by Lisa Kudrow, but during rehearsals, it became apparent that she did not fit the role.[8] The character was named in memory of the producer of the television series Wings, which had the same creators as Frasier.[9]
In addition to the ensemble, a number of additional characters were introduced to advance the storyline. These included characters from Frasier's former incarnation on Cheers, such as his ex-wife Lilith Sternin, played by Bebe Neuwirth. Some other characters, such as Bob 'Bulldog' Briscoe, played by Dan Butler, the host of a radio sports show that aired following Frasier's show, made regular appearances.
Three of the main cast members reunited in an episode of The Simpsons. Grammer reprised his role for the tenth time as Sideshow Bob, Pierce reprised his role for the second time as Sideshow Bob's brother, Cecil Terwilliger, and Mahoney appeared as Cecil and Bob's father, Dr. Robert Terwilliger, in the episode "Funeral For A Fiend".
Production
Angell, Casey, and Lee intended for the show to be about "the relationship between an aging father and the grown-up son he never understood." As Pierce's role as Niles became a breakout character, focus shifted to the brothers' relationship.[6]
The cast had an unusual amount of freedom to suggest changes to the script. Grammer used an acting method he called "requisite disrespect" and did not rehearse with the others, instead learning and rehearsing his lines once just before filming each scene in front of a live studio audience. Although effective, the system often caused panic among guest stars. In 1996 Grammer's recurrent alcoholism led to a car accident; the cast and crew performed an intervention that persuaded him to enter the Betty Ford Clinic, delaying production for a month.[6]
The show is set in Seattle, Washington, but only one episode, "The 1000th Show", was filmed there.[10] As with Cheers, the remainder was filmed on Stage 25 (), Paramount Studios,[6] and at various locations in and around Los Angeles.
The radio station callers' lines were spoken by anonymous voice-over actors while filming the show in front of a live audience. This gave the cast something to which they could react. During post-production, the lines were replaced by celebrities, who literally phoned in their parts without having to come into the studio. The end credits of season finales showed headshots of all the celebrities who had "called in" that season.
The closing credits for each episode features the song "Tossed Salad and Scrambled Egg" and a short silent skit, except for season finales, which show black-and-white photos of guest callers.
Skyline
No building or apartment in Seattle really has the view from Frasier's residence. It was created so the Space Needle would appear more prominently. According to the Season 1 DVD bonus features, the photograph used on the set was taken from atop a cliff, possibly the ledge at Kerry Park, a frequent photography location. Despite this, Frasier has been said to have contributed to the emergence of an upscale urban lifestyle in 1990s Seattle, with buyers seeking properties in locations resembling that depicted in the show, in search of "that cosmopolitan feel of Frasier".[3]
Relationship to Cheers
Many regular cast members seen on Cheers made appearances on Frasier, with the exception of Nicholas Colasanto (Coach, 1982–1985), who died in 1985 before the advent of Frasier, and Kirstie Alley (Rebecca Howe, 1987–1993). Bebe Neuwirth (Lilith Sternin, 1986–1993) was the lone character of Cheers, other than Grammer, to become a recurring character on Frasier. Kelsey Grammer has said that Frasier allowed him the opportunity to settle an old disagreement with Shelley Long, who had played Diane Chambers on the first five seasons of Cheers. On Cheers, Long did not like the Frasier character and lobbied to get Grammer removed from the show. The producers disagreed, noting that the audience liked him. This allowed the two actors to make peace; Grammer has said "The Show Where Diane Comes Back" is one of his favorite episodes. Long also played Diane Chambers in two other Frasier episodes. The first was a brief surprise cameo in a 1994 episode and once again in the 2001 season premiere, both times as figments of Frasier's imagination.
Some cast members of Frasier had appeared previously in minor roles on Cheers. In the episode "Do Not Forsake Me, O' My Postman" (1992), John Mahoney played Sy Flembeck,[11] an over-the-hill advertising executive hired by Rebecca to write a jingle for the bar. In it, Grammer and Mahoney exchanged a few lines. Peri Gilpin appeared in a Cheers episode titled "Woody Gets an Election"[12] playing a reporter who interviews Woody when he runs for office.
Similar to Norm Peterson's wife Vera, Niles' wife Maris is never seen or heard from. This style is used again when Martin meets the woman he has been watching from across the street via his telescope, and for Senator Adler when he arrived at Frasier's apartment.
In some cases Cheers directly contradicts Frasier or vice versa. Frasier's mother, who in Frasier is always remembered as a sensitive, intelligent woman and a wonderful mother, appears in a Cheers episode (played by Nancy Marchand) and threatens to kill Diane Chambers with a gun if Diane does not end her relationship with Frasier. Mrs. Crane was portrayed in a 2001 episode of Frasier (on Martin's old cine movies) by Rita Wilson, who reprised the role during Frasier's imaginary experiences with the important women in his life. In this case she was once again portrayed as threatening toward Diane (and Lilith), citing as her reasons her concern for Frasier's happiness.
In the eighth-season Cheers episode "Two Girls for Every Boyd", Frasier tells Sam Malone (played by Ted Danson) that his father, a research scientist, had died. In the Frasier Season 2 episode "The Show Where Sam Shows Up", when Sam meets Martin, Martin brings up the discrepancies. Frasier explains it away by saying that at the time, he was angry after a recent argument with his father on the phone. In "The Show Where Woody Shows Up", Woody Boyd upon meeting Martin says he remembers hearing about him — probably from Sam talking about his experiences in Seattle when he returned to Boston.
In the ninth-season episode, "Cheerful Goodbyes" in 2002, Frasier returns to Boston to give a speech and Niles, Daphne and Martin come along to see the city. Frasier runs into Cliff Clavin (played by John Ratzenberger) at the airport and learns that Cliff is retiring and moving to Florida. Frasier and company attend Cliff's retirement party where Frasier reunites with the rest of the gang from Cheers (sans Sam, Woody and Rebecca), including bar regular Norm Peterson (played by George Wendt); waitress Carla Tortelli (played by Rhea Perlman); barflies Paul Krapence (played by Paul Willson) and Phil (played by Philip Perlman); and Cliff's old post office nemesis Walt Twitchell (played by Raye Birk).
In the eleventh-season episode of Frasier, "Caught in the Act", Frasier's married ex-wife, children's entertainer Nanny G, comes to town and invites him backstage for a rendezvous. Nanny G appeared on the Cheers episode "One Hugs, The Other Doesn't" (1992) and was portrayed by Emma Thompson. In this episode of Frasier she is portrayed by Laurie Metcalf. She also appeared in the second episode of Season 9 of Frasier, "Don Juan in Hell: Part 2" and was played by Dina Waters.
The set of Frasier itself was built over the set of Cheers on the same stage after it had finished filming. The producers for Frasier made certain there were no stools in the coffee shop in order to distance it visually from the Cheers bar[13].
Reception
Critical reaction
Critics and commentators broadly appear to have held Frasier in high regard, with negative comments focusing principally on later seasons.[14] Caroline Frost said that the series overall showed a high level of wit, but in common with other commentators such as Ken Tucker and Robert Bianco felt that the marriage of Daphne and Niles in season ten removed a lot of the comic tension.[15] Tucker specifically felt that their marriage made the series seem desperate for storylines, while Bianco felt that it was symptomatic of a show that had begun to dip in quality after so much time on the air.[16][17] Kelsey Grammer acknowledged the creative lull, saying that over the course of two later seasons the show "took itself too seriously".[18] Commentators do, however, acknowledge that there was an improvement following the return of the writers Christopher Lloyd and Joe Keenan, although not necessarily to its earlier high standards.[16][18][19]
Writing about the first season, John O'Connor described Frasier as being a relatively unoriginal concept, but said that it was generally a "splendid act", while Tucker thought that the second season benefited greatly from a mix of "high and low humor".[20][21] Tucker's comment is referring to what Grammer described as a rule of the series that the show should not play down to its audience.[22] Kevin Cherry believes that Frasier was able to stay fresh by not making any contemporary commentary, therefore allowing the show to be politically and socially neutral.[19] Other commentators, such as Haydn Bush disagree, believing the success of Frasier can be attributed to the comedic timing and the chemistry between the characters.[23]
In spite of the criticisms of the later seasons, these critics were unanimous in praising at least the early seasons, with varied commentary on the series' demise ranging from believing, like Bianco, that the show had run its course to those like Dana Stevens who bemoaned the end of Frasier as the "end of situation comedy for adults".[24]
Awards
Frasier is one of the most successful spin-off series in television history and one of the most critically acclaimed comedy series of all time.[25] The series won 37 prime-time Emmys during its 11-year run, breaking the record long held by The Mary Tyler Moore Show (29). Grammer and Pierce each won four, including one each for the final season. The series holds the record for the most consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series, winning five from 1994 to 1998.
Grammer has been Emmy-nominated for playing Frasier Crane on Cheers and Frasier, as well as a 1992 crossover appearance on Wings, making him the only performer to be nominated for playing the same role on three different series. 2003 was the first year that Grammer did not receive an Emmy nomination for this series. Pierce was nominated every year of the show's run, breaking the record for nominations in his category with his eighth nomination in 2001; he was nominated a further three times after this.
A poll taken by the British Channel 4 of the sitcom industry voted Frasier the best sitcom of all time.[26]
Nielsen ratings
The ratings for the show should be read in the context of their broadcasting times on NBC, listed here:
All times listed are North American Eastern Standard Time.
- September 1993-May 1994 - Thursdays 9:30pm
- September 1994-May 1998 - Tuesdays 9:00pm
- September 1998-May 2000 - Thursdays 9:00pm
- October 2000-May 2004 - Tuesdays 9:00pm
| Season | TV Season | Rank | Viewers (in millions) |
| 1 | 1993–1994 | # 7[27] | 15.82[27] |
| 2 | 1994–1995 | # 15[28] | 13.83[28] |
| 3 | 1995–1996 | # 11[29] | 13.04[29] |
| 4 | 1996–1997 | # 16[30] | 11.44[30] |
| 5 | 1997–1998 | # 10[31] | 11.76[31] |
| 6 | 1998–1999 | # 3[32] | 15.5[32] |
| 7 | 1999–2000 | # 6[33] | 20.06[33] |
| 8 | 2000–2001 | # 17[34] | 15.8[34] |
| 9 | 2001–2002 | # 16[35] | 15.0[35] |
| 10 | 2002–2003 | # 26[36] | 12.48[36] |
| 11 | 2003–2004 | # 35[37] | 10.92[37] |
Merchandising
Video and audio
Paramount Home Entertainment and CBS DVD have released all 11 seasons of Frasier on DVD in Region 1, 2 and 4. A 44-disc package containing the entire 11 seasons has also been released.
| DVD Name | Ep # | Release dates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region 1 | Region 2 | Region 4 | ||
| The Complete 1st Season | 24 | May 20, 2003 | November 24, 2003 | January 13, 2004 |
| The Complete 2nd Season | 24 | January 6, 2004 | June 7, 2004 | June 3, 2004 |
| The Complete 3rd Season | 24 | May 25, 2004 | September 6, 2004 | September 10, 2004 |
| The Complete 4th Season | 24 | February 1, 2005 | July 18, 2005 | July 20, 2005 |
| The Complete 5th Season | 24 | June 7, 2005 | November 27, 2006 | January 11, 2007 |
| The Complete 6th Season | 24 | September 13, 2005 | May 14, 2007 | May 3, 2007 |
| The Complete 7th Season | 24 | November 15, 2005 | July 9, 2007 | July 12, 2007 |
| The Complete 8th Season | 24 | June 13, 2006 | February 4, 2008 | February 14, 2008 |
| The Complete 9th Season | 24 | May 15, 2007 | April 28, 2008 | July 31, 2008 |
| The Complete 10th Season | 24 | December 11, 2007 | July 28, 2008 | November 6, 2008 |
| The Complete 11th & Final Season | 24 | November 16, 2004 | September 15, 2008 | January 15, 2009 |
| The Complete Series | 264 | December 11, 2007 | October 6, 2008 | July 30, 2009 |
The first four seasons were also released on VHS along with a series of 'Best Of' tapes. These tapes consisted of four episodes taken from seasons 1-4. No more video releases have been announced.
| Video Name | Release date |
|---|---|
| The Best Of Frasier 1 - From Boston To Seattle | TBC 1999 |
| The Best Of Frasier 2 - Crane Vs. Crane | TBC 1999 |
| The Best Of Frasier 3 - Serial Dater | TBC 1999 |
| The Best Of Frasier 4 - Like Father Like Sons | TBC 1999 |
| The Best Of Frasier 5 - Brotherly Love | TBC 1999 |
| The Best Of Frasier 6 - Love Is In The Air | TBC 1999 |
| The Best Of Frasier Box Set | TBC 1999 |
| The Complete 1st Season | July 16, 2001 |
| The Complete 2nd Season | December 3, 2001 |
| Season 3 - Part 1 | May 6, 2002 |
| Season 3 - Part 2 | July 1, 2002 |
| Season 4 - Part 1 | October 14, 2002 |
| Season 4 - Part 2 | November 18, 2002 |
One Frasier CD has been released featuring a number of songs taken from the show.
| CD Name | Release date |
|---|---|
| Tossed Salads & Scrambled Eggs | October 24, 2000 |
Books
Several books about Frasier have been released, including the following:
| Title | Publisher | ISBN |
|---|---|---|
| The Best Of Frasier | Channel 4 Books | ISBN 0-7522-1394-6 |
| Cafe Nervosa: The Connoisseur's Cookbook | Oxmoor House | ISBN 0-8487-1550-0 |
| Frasier | Pocket Books | ISBN 0-671-00368-2 |
| The Frasier Scripts | Newmarket Press | ISBN 1-55704-403-1 |
| Goodnight Seattle | Virgin Books | ISBN 0-7535-0286-0 |
| Goodnight Seattle II | Virgin Books | ISBN 0-7535-0717-X |
| What's Your "Frasier" IQ: 501 Questions and Answers for Fans | Carol Publishing | ISBN 0-8065-1732-8 |
| The Very Best Of Frasier | Channel 4 Books | ISBN 0-7522-6179-7 |
References
Notes
- ↑ Named to honor the show's creators, Casey, Angell, and Lee
- ↑ Elber, Lynn (2004-05-11). "Cheers to 'Frasier,' Ending an 11-Year Run". AP Online (Associated Press). http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-94465025.html. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 McFadden, Kay. "Condo by condo, Seattle has become a lot like 'Frasier'". Seattle Times, 13 May 2004.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gorman, Steve (2008-06-03). "Kelsey Grammer has heart attack". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/kelsey-grammer--has-heart-attack-838970.html. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ↑ Frost, Caroline (2003=01-24). "Frasier: Goodnight Seattle...". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/2691735.stm. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Newman, Bruce (1998-03-01). "All In Their Family". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/print/1998/mar/01/entertainment/ca-24256. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ↑ Littlefield, Kinney (1993-12-23). "Custom Casting Got Pierce the Niles Role on 'Frasier'". Chicago Tribune. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24205875.html?dids=24205875:24205875&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+23%2C+1993&author=Kinney+Littlefield%2C+Orange+County+Register.&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=CUSTOM+CASTING+GOT+PIERCE+THE+NILES+ROLE+ON+%60FRASIER%27&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ↑ Zaslow, Jeffrey (October 8, 2000). "Balancing friends and family". USA Weekend. http://159.54.226.237/00_issues/001008/001008kudrow.html. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ↑ Harris, Joyce Saenz (1996-05-05). "Dallas actress finds second home on Frasier". The Dallas Morning News.
- ↑ TV.com Episode Summary
- ↑ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0539734/
- ↑ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0539930/
- ↑ Special Features, Season One DVD
- ↑ Mandese, Joe (2004-01-12). "Frasier Move May Put NBC On The Couch". Media Daily News. MediaPost Publications. http://www.mediapost.com/publications/index.cfm?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=6150. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ Frost, Caroline (2003-01-24). "Frasier: Goodnight Seattle...". BBC News (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/2691735.stm. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Tucker, Ken (2003-11-18). "TV Review: Frasier". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,543175,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ Bianco, Robert (2004-05-12). "Sophisticated 'Frasier' signs off". USA Today (USA Today). http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2004-05-12-frasier-main_x.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Levin, Gary (2004-03-29). "'Frasier' has left the building". USA Today (USA Today). http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2004-03-29-frasier_x.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Cherry, Kevin M. (2004-01-16). "Four for the Road: Frasier Crane won't die this season". National Review. National Review Online. http://www.nationalreview.com/nr_comment/cherry200401160813.asp. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ O'Connor, John J. (1993-10-21). "Review/Television; A 'Cheers' Spinoff, Set in Seattle". The New York Times (New York: New York Times): pp. 22. http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/21/arts/review-television-a-cheers-spinoff-set-in-seattle.html. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ Tucker, Ken (1995-04-28). "TV Review: The Crane Gang". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,297028,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ "Listening to Kelsey Grammer". WSJ Opinion Archives. The Wall Street Journal. 2004-04-22. http://www.opinionjournal.com/medialog/?id=110004986. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ Bush, Haydn (2000-02-08). "TV Review: 'Frasier' romance critical for series". University Wire. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-24892863.html. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ Stevens, Dana (2004-05-12). "Where Have All the Grown-Ups Gone". Slate Magazine. Washington Post. http://www.slate.com/id/2100411/. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ↑ Waters, Darren (July 24, 2003). "TV's obsession with spin-offs". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3089767.stm. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
- ↑ Wezzo (2006-01-03). "Channel 4's Ultimate Sitcom". Listology. http://www.listology.com/content_show.cfm/content_id.22029. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 "TV Ratings: 1993–1994". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1993.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 "TV Ratings: 1993–1994". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1994.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 "TV Ratings: 1995–1996". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1995.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 "TV Ratings: 1996–1997". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1996.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 "TV Ratings: 1997–1998". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1997.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 "TV Ratings: 1998–1999". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1998.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 "US-Jahrescharts 1999/2000". May 30, 2002. http://www.quotenmeter.de/cms/?p1=n&p2=9946&p3=. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 "The Bitter End". ew.com. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,256435,00.html. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 "How did your favorite show rate?". USA Today. May 28, 2002. http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2002/2002-05-28-year-end-chart.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Nielsen's TOP 156 Shows for 2002-03". http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.tv/browse_thread/thread/ee82c0640bcaeb06/82c78e0fe7710443?lnk=st&q=nielsen+top+156&rnum=1#82c78e0fe7710443. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 "I. T. R. S. Ranking Report: 01 Thru 210". ABC Medianet. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930171419/http://www.abcmedianet.com/Web/progcal/dispDNR.aspx?id=060204_11. Retrieved May 25, 2007.
Bibliography
- Graham, Jefferson (1996). Frasier. New York: Simon & Schuster Ltd. ISBN 0-6710-0368-2.
External links
- Frasier at the Internet Movie Database
- Frasier at TV.com
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