Oulu

Oulu
—  City  —
Oulun kaupunki
Coat of arms Logo
Location of Oulu in Finland
Coordinates:
Country	Finland
Region	Northern Ostrobothnia
Sub-region	Oulu sub-region
Charter	1605-04-08
Government
- City manager	Matti Pennanen
Area(2010-01-01)[1]
- Total	1,513.42 km2 (584.3 sq mi)
- Land	1,410.19 km2 (544.5 sq mi)
- Water	103.23 km2 (39.9 sq mi)
Area rank	67th largest in Finland
Population (2010-03-31)[2]
- Total	139,579
- Rank	6th largest in Finland
- Density	98.98/km2 (256.4/sq mi)
Population by native language[3]
- Finnish	97.3% (official)
- Swedish	0.2%
- Others	2.4%
Population by age[4]
- 0 to 14	17%
- 15 to 64	70.5%
- 65 or older	12.5%
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Municipal tax rate[5]	19%
Website	www.ouka.fi

Oulu (pronounced [ˈoulu]  ( listen); Swedish: Uleåborg [ˈʉːleɔˌbɔrj], literally “Ule River Fort”) is a city and municipality of 139,579 inhabitants (31 March 2010)^[2] in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia, in Finland. It is the most populous city in Northern Finland and the sixth most populous city in the country.

History

Oulu was founded on April 8, 1605, by King Charles IX of Sweden opposite to the fort built on the island of Linnansaari. This took place after favourable peace settlements with the Russians, which removed the threat of attack via the main east-west waterway, the river Oulu. The surrounding areas were populated much earlier. Oulu is situated by the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of river Oulujoki, which is an ancient trading site. One possible source for the name Oulu is a word in the Sami language meaning 'flood water', but there are other suggestions. Oulu was the capital of the Province of Oulu from 1776 to 2009.

Drawing of central Oulu from the 19th Century.

In 1822, a major fire destroyed much of the city. The architect Carl Ludvig Engel, chiefly known for the neoclassical (empire style) buildings around Helsinki Senate Square, was enlisted to provide the plan for the rebuilding of the city. With minor changes, this plan remains the basis for the layout of Oulu's town center. The Oulu Cathedral was built in 1832 to his designs, with the spire being finished in 1844.

From being a town known for wood tar and salmon in the past, Oulu has evolved into a major centre of competence in the field of high technology, particularly IT and wellness technology. Other prominent industries include wood refining as well as paper and steel industry. The University of Oulu is located six kilometres north of the city center. The Oulu Airport, located in neighbouring municipality of Oulunsalo, is the second busiest in Finland.

The municipality of Ylikiiminki was consolidated with the city of Oulu on January 1, 2009.

Name

There have been a number of suggestions for the origin of the name Oulu. One theory, and most probable, is that it would be a derivation of a Finno-Ugric word meaning "floodwater". This would be a loanword from the Saami language such as Southern Saami åulo, meaning "melted snow" or åulot meaning "thaw". It has also been speculated that the words väylä ("fairway, channel") and uoma ("river channel, bed") and their Northern Savo dialectic word uula is probably a loan from the Saami word oalli and is connected to the name Oulu. Another theory is that the Finnish word for flood, vuo, whose reconstructed form *uva has meant "river bed", is in the name's etymology.^[6]

Geography

Climate

Culture

The best known cultural exports of the city of Oulu are Air Guitar World Championships, Mieskuoro Huutajat (also known as Screaming Men), and the now defunct metal band Sentenced.

There are many artists, writers and musicians resident in the city. A variety of concerts, both rock, classical music, and jazz, as well as other cultural events take place each year; for example, Oulu Music Video Festival – the host of the Air Guitar World Championships and Musixine Music Film Competition – in August, annual rock festival Qstock in July, the Oulu Music Festival in winter, the Oulunsalo Music Festival in summer, The Irish Festival of Oulu in October and the International Children's Film Festival in November. Kalmah is a melodic death metal-band from Oulu,Finland that formed in 1998.

Notable people from Oulu

• Leevi Madetoja composer
• Three former Presidents of the country, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, Kyösti Kallio and Martti Ahtisaari
• Black metal band, Impaled Nazarene.

Sights

Oulu City Hall.

View over the river Oulu towards Tuira from Hupisaaret park. Water power plant can be seen on the right side. Tuira is one of the largest districts of Oulu with almost 7000 inhabitants.

• Tietomaa, a science center with over 150 exhibits
• Ainola Park, formerly a university botanical garden before the university was moved to Linnanmaa
• The Rapids Center, the area in the estuary of the Oulu river consisting of small islands connected with bridges, fountains in the middle of the river, and including a housing area of building blocks planned by Alvar Aalto
• Rotuaari pedestrian street
• The Market Square with the City Library, the City Theatre and old salt and tar storehouses
• Mannerheim Park
• The Oulu Cathedral
• Hupisaaret, a large park area located in the estuary of the Oulu river
• The F. M. Franzen memorial
• The Northern Ostrobothnia museum
• The Pateniemi Sawmill Museum
• The Vehicle Museum
• The University of Oulu Botanical Garden (situated in Linnanmaa)
• The Oulu Art Museum
• The Arctic Gallery
• Technopolis, the technology village
• Turkansaari (website) (historical outdoor museum)

Other points of interest

Railway station area in Oulu, looking southwest along Hallituskatu.

Mannerheim Park is a favourite hangout place for many.

• Oulu Music Video Festival
• Air Guitar World Championships
• Qstock Rock Festival (website)
• Jalometalli Metal Music Festival
• Jalometalli Winterfest
• Madetoja Hall, housing the Oulu Music Centre (website) the residence of the Oulu Symphony Orchestra
• Oulu Hall (a large indoor sports facility consisting of a low dome, which looks somewhat like a landed flying saucer)
• Terwa Marathon & Run event in late May (since 1989)
• The Terva-skiing event in early March (since 1889)
• The Winter Swimming World Championship

Education

The University of Oulu and Oulu University of Applied Sciences (formerly Oulu Polytechnic) are located in Oulu.

Oulu is home to the most northerly architecture school in the world. The school is best known for its strong regionalistic ideas for developing architecture. This movement is named "the Oulu school" ("Oulun koulu") of architecture.

Transportation

Oulu is served by Oulu Airport, the second biggest airport in Finland by passenger volume. Oulu Airport is located in the neighbouring county of Oulunsalo, 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the city centre.

Port of Oulu is one of the busiest harbours within the Bothnian Bay. Port of Oulu includes four separate harbour areas: Vihreäsaari oil and bulk docks, Nuottasaari docks, Oritkari docks and the Toppila docks.

The shortest travel time from Oulu Railway Station to Helsinki Central Railway Station is 5 h 44 mins, operated by VR. Other destinations include, for instance, Kolari, Rovaniemi, Seinäjoki and Tampere.

The most important road in Oulu is highway 4 (E8/E75) that runs from Helsinki to Utsjoki via Lahti, Jyväskylä, Oulu, Kemi and Rovaniemi. Other highways running to and from Oulu are highway 20 to Kuusamo and highway 22 to Kajaani.^[7]

Employment

As of December 31, 2005, the active working population was employed as follows:^[8]

In 2008, the most important employers were:^[8]

Stora Enso has an important paper manufacturing plant in Oulu.

Sports

Kärpät wins gold after beating Jokerit in 2005 Final.

The Oulu ice hockey team Kärpät have won the Finnish Elite League (SM-Liiga) Championship title five times (1981, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008). They have also been the runner-up in the European Champions Cup twice, in 2005 and 2006.

Oulu has 2 teams in the highest bandy division. Oulun Luistinseura, OLS, has become Finnish champions 14 times, and Oulun Palloseura, OPS, 7 times. In 2001 the city was the main venue for the Bandy World Championships.

Terwa Marathon & Run is an annual event run in late May (since 1989)

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Oulu is twinned with:^[9]

Friendship cities

• Sendai, Japan (since 2005)

See also

• Toppila Power Station

References

External links

• City of Oulu – Official website
• Oulu travel guide from Wikitravel
• 65 Degrees North: Oulu's English Language Newspaper
• Oulu This Week event calendar

Municipalities of Northern Ostrobothnia Municipalities Alavieska · Haapajärvi · Haapavesi · Hailuoto · Haukipudas · Ii · Kalajoki · Kempele · Kiiminki · Kuusamo · Kärsämäki · Liminka · Lumijoki · Merijärvi · Muhos · Nivala · Oulainen · Oulu · Oulunsalo · Pudasjärvi · Pyhäjoki · Pyhäjärvi · Pyhäntä · Raahe · Reisjärvi · Sievi · Siikajoki · Siikalatva · Taivalkoski · Tyrnävä · Utajärvi · Vihanti · Yli-Ii · Ylivieska Former municipalities Kestilä · Kuivaniemi · Oulujoki · Paavola · Pattijoki · Piippola · Pulkkila · Rantsila · Rautio · Revonlahti · Ruukki · Saloinen · Temmes · Ylikiiminki Northern Ostrobothnia · Finland

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