Apple TV

Apple TV
Apple TV logo

2nd generation Apple TV
Manufacturer Apple Inc.
Type Digital media receiver
Release date September 1, 2010 (current release)
January 9, 2007 (original release)
Introductory price US$99
CPU Apple A4
Input Apple Remote, iPhone, iPod touch, iPad (via Remote)
Connectivity Wi-Fi (802.11b/g/n), 10/100 Ethernet, Micro-USB, HDMI, Optical audio
Online services iTunes Store, Netflix, YouTube, Flickr, MobileMe
Dimensions 23 mm (0.91 in) (h)
98 mm (3.9 in) (w)
98 mm (3.9 in) (d)
Weight 0.6 lb (0.27 kg)
Website Apple - Apple TV

Apple TV is a digital media receiver made and sold by Apple Inc. It is a small form factor network appliance designed to play digital content originating from the iTunes Store, Netflix, YouTube, Flickr, MobileMe or any Mac OS X or Windows computer running iTunes onto an enhanced-definition or high-definition widescreen television.

Apple previewed the device in September 2006 and began shipping it the following March.[1] It initially shipped with a 40 GB hard disk; a 160 GB version was introduced two months later and the earlier model was ultimately discontinued.

In September 2010, Steve Jobs announced a second-generation version of Apple TV. About half the size and one-third the price of the original Apple TV, the new device can stream rented content from iTunes and video from computers or iOS devices via AirPlay.[2] The new version has no internal hard disk, and so draws content from online or locally connected sources.

Contents

History

Apple TV was previewed as a work in progress called "iTV" at a press conference in San Francisco, California on September 12, 2006. Apple CEO Steve Jobs demoed a modified Front Row interface using the Apple Remote. Industry experts described the appliance as a "short Mac Mini".[3][4] Jobs announced that Apple would start taking pre-orders for Apple TV on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld Conference & Expo.

Apple TV started shipping on March 21, 2007.[5] Apple released a 160 GB model on May 31, 2007; it discontinued the 40 GB version on September 14, 2009.[6]

At Macworld 2008 on January 15, 2008, Jobs announced a major (and free) software upgrade to the Apple TV. Dubbed Take Two, the upgrade made the Apple TV a stand-alone device that no longer required a computer running iTunes on Mac OS X or Windows to stream or sync content to it. Jobs said, "Apple TV was designed to be an accessory for iTunes and your computer. It was not what people wanted. We learned what people wanted was movies, movies, movies."[7] The update also allowed the device to rent and purchase content from iTunes directly, as well as download podcasts and stream photos from MobileMe (.Mac at the time) and Flickr.[8]

The second-generation Apple TV was unveiled during an Apple press conference on September 1, 2010.[9][10][11]

Features

Apple TV allows consumers to use an HDTV set to view photos, play music and watch video that originates from an Internet media service or a local network.

Internet media

Supported Internet media services include:[12]

Apple TV does not support user-defined RSS audio, video and text feeds.[23]

Parental controls allow consumers to limit access to Internet media service content. Internet media is split into four categories: "Internet Photos", "YouTube", "Podcasts", and "Purchase and Rental". Each of the categories is configured by a parental control of "Show", "Hide" or "Ask" to prompt for a 4-digit preset code. In addition, movies, TV shows, music and podcasts can be restricted by rating.[22]

Although Apple TV has a "Closed Captioning" setting, subtitles are not available for most iTunes content.[24]

Local sources

Apple TV can sync or stream photos, music and videos from a computer running iTunes.[25]

A user can connect a computer on a local network to maintain a central home media library of ripped CD, DVD or HD content,[26] provide direct connectivity to photo organization software such as iPhoto,[27] limit home video access to a local network only,[28] play Internet radio,[29][30] or preload content on Apple TV to be used later as a non-networked video player.[31] For users who wish to connect the Apple TV to a computer, synchronization and streaming modes are supported.[25]

In synchronization mode, Apple TV works in a similar way to the iPod. It is paired with an iTunes library on a single computer and can synchronize with that library, copying all or selected content to its own hard drive. After syncing, Apple TV need not remain connected to the network.[31][32] Photos can sync from iPhoto, Aperture, or from a hard disk folder on a Mac, or Adobe Photoshop Album, Photoshop Elements, or from a hard disk folder in Windows.[33]

Apple TV can also function as a peer-to-peer digital media receiver, streaming content from iTunes libraries and playing the content over the network.[34][35]

Apple TV can stream content from up to five computers or iTunes libraries. Also, five Apple TVs can be linked to the same iTunes library.

Supported formats

Apple TV supports the following audio, video, and picture codecs:[36]

Video

  • H.264 up to 720p at 30 frames per second
  • MPEG-4 up to 720 x 432 (432p) or 640 x 480 pixels at 30 fps
  • Motion JPEG up to 720p at 30 fps

Picture

Audio

  • HE-AAC (V1)
  • AAC (16-320 kbit/s)
  • FairPlay protected AAC
  • MP3 (16-320 kbit/s, with VBR)
  • Apple Lossless
  • AIFF
  • WAV

Attempts to sync unsupported content to Apple TV will draw an error message from iTunes.[37]

Apple TV cannot play 1080i or 1080p HD content (e.g., HD camera video) unless it is converted to a lower-resolution format.[34][35][38][39][40]

Apple offers 4 Mbit/s H.264 720p movies and video podcasts on iTunes.[41] In comparison, Blu-ray movies are typically 1080p H.264 or VC-1 video encoded at 48 Mbit/s.[42]

Apple TV's audio chip supports 7.1 surround sound,[43] and some high definition rentals from iTunes are offered with Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound.[44]

There is an Apple TV export option in QuickTime, which allows content in some formats that the device does not support to be easily re-encoded.[45] Applications that use QuickTime to export media can use this; e.g., iMovie's Share menu[46], iTunes' advanced menu,[47]and some third-party content conversion tools.[48]

Connectivity

Back of 1st generation Apple TV

Apple TV outputs video through an HDMI port. While the previous iteration also had component video ports, they were removed in the current generation. The device does not have RCA/composite video or F/RF connectors. Of the original Apple TV, reviewers have said that Apple is "future-proofing", and "if you do not have HDTV now, you will in the future".[49] [35] The product does not come with audio or video cables.

Audio is supported through the optical and HDMI ports. The previous Apple TV also had analog (RCA connector) audio ports.

The device connects to the internet and local networks through an Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection. The device also has a Micro-USB port, but this is reserved for service and diagnostics. On the previous Apple TV, media files can be transferred directly onto the device by syncing with another computer. Once content is stored on the device, an internet connection would no longer be needed to view content.[31]

AirPlay

AirPlay allows an Apple TV or AirPort-enabled computer with the iTunes music player to send a stream of music to multiple (three to six, in typical conditions) stereos connected to an AirPort Express or Apple TV.[50]

The AirPort Express' streaming media capabilities use Apple's Remote Audio Output Protocol (RAOP), a proprietary variant of RTSP/RTP. Using WDS-bridging,[51] the AirPort Express can allow AirPlay functionality (as well as Internet access, file and print sharing, etc.) across a larger distance in a mixed environment of wired and up to 10 wireless clients.

AirPlay can be controlled by a Keyspan USB-enabled infrared remote control plugged into the USB port, but the Apple Remote's volume buttons cannot control AirPlay. However volume control can be adjusted using the slider within iTunes. AirPlay will not stream a video's audio.

Speakers attached to an AirPort Express or Apple TV can be selected from within the "Remote" iPhone/iPod Touch program, allowing full AirPlay compatibility[52] (see "Remote control" section below).

Remote control

Apple TV can be controlled by virtually any infrared remote control[53] or paired with the included Apple Remote to prevent interference from other remotes.[54][55][34] Either kind of remote can control playback volume, but for music only.[8][56][57]

On July 10, 2008, Apple released Remote, a free iOS application that allows the iPhone and iPod Touch to control the iTunes library on the Apple TV via Wi-Fi.[58][59]

Software

The original Apple TV's software was based on the Mac OS X Front Row application.

The original Apple TV ran an modified build of Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger that presented the user with an interface similar to that of Front Row. While this interface was merged back into Mac OS X v10.5 in late 2007, major Apple TV enhancements since then ("Take Two" and later) have not been included in Front Row.[60] Content was organized in six groups (movies, TV Shows, music, YouTube, podcasts, and photos) and presented in the initial menu along with a Settings option for configuration, including software updates.[61][62] The included Apple Remote was used to navigate through the menus by using the up or down buttons and selecting options with the play button. The left and right buttons were used to perform rewind and fast-forward functions while viewing video content and perform previous and next song functionality when selecting audio-only content.[34]

Apple TV 3.0 interface, released October 29, 2009

Like Front Row on the Mac, the "TV Shows" option allows the user to sort contents by show or date and the "Movies" option also allows the user to view movie trailers for new releases. All video content, including movies, TV shows, music videos, and video podcasts, includes bookmark functionality. Apple TV automatically bookmarks video content midstream to continue playback at a later time.[63] The "Music" submenu offers similar options to those found on an iPod, presenting the available music sorted by artist, album, songs, genres, and composers, as well as offering a shuffle option and listing available audiobooks. As categories are selected with the remote, animated album art is displayed on the side of the display for the contents of the selected category. While playing "audio-only" content such as music and audio podcasts, Apple TV periodically moves album art and content info on the TV display to prevent burn-in on video displays.[63]

The second generation Apple TV runs a version of iOS that is incompatible with the previous model. The interface is similar to that of the Apple TV 3.0 software, with only slight modifications.

Technical specifications

Table of models
Model First generation Second generation
Release date(s) September 12, 2006 September 1, 2010
Processor 1 GHz Intel "Crofton" Pentium M[64] Apple A4 (ARM Cortex-A8)
Graphics Nvidia GeForce Go 7300 with 64 MB of VRAM[65] Apple A4 (PowerVR SGX535)
Memory 256 MB of 400 MHz DDR2 SDRAM[66] Unknown
Hard drive 40 or 160 GB hard disk N/A
Connectivity USB 2.0 (officially for diagnostic use only, though hackers have managed to allow connectivity of hard disks, mice, and keyboards)[67], infrared receiver, HDMI, component video Micro-USB, HDMI, infrared receiver, optical audio
Networking Wi-Fi (802.11b/g/n), 10/100 Ethernet
Output 720p 60/50Hz, 576p/576i 50Hz (PAL), 480p/480i (480i is unofficially supported) 60Hz 720p, 480p
Audio Optical audio, HDMI, RCA analog stereo audio Optical audio, HDMI
Power Built-in universal 48W power supply Built-in 6W power supply
Dimensions 7.8 in (200 mm) (h)
7.8 in (200 mm) (w)
1.1 in (28 mm) (d)
3.9 in (99 mm) (h)
3.9 in (99 mm) (w)
0.9 in (23 mm) (d)
Weight 2.4 lb (1.1 kg) 0.6 lb (0.27 kg)

Software updates

1.1 (June 20, 2007) YouTube integration, slideshow screensaver, parental controls, framework updates, security updates,[68][69] photo priority and browsing other iTunes stores.[70][8]

iTunes 7.3 (June 29, 2007) Apple TV Photo Streaming[71]

2.0 aka "Take Two" (Feb 12, 2008) Standalone iTunes Store features (directly from Apple TV through the Internet): rent standard and HD movies with Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound, buy TV Shows, music and music videos. Content automatically syncs back to the user's computer. Podcast directory of over one hundred thousand video and audio podcasts. View photos from .Mac and Flickr galleries. Play iTunes content on the audio system connected to the Apple TV via AirTunes,[72] limited Internet radio support,[29][30] show everything or only synced content, TV show display tweaks, iPhoto events, and enhanced parental controls.[27]

2.1 (July 10, 2008) Movie Wish List, Support for Remote application, AirTunes receiver, Photo browser, MobileMe protected albums, Podcasts browsable by video and audio, Security fixes.[73]

2.2 (October 2, 2008) HD TV shows, Movie browsing by actor and director, Chapter selection, alternate audio and subtitles, Movie description, Genius playlists, On-The-Go playlists, Music videos in playlists, Apple TV standby mode, Security fixes.[74]

2.3 (November 24, 2008) AirTunes Streaming from Apple TV, Third-party Remote Controls, Playlists, Music Volume Control.[56][57]

2.3.1 (February 25, 2009) Network Test[75]

2.4 (June 24, 2009) Remote app directional control, Flickr Search, New view options, Updated transport and chapter modes.[76]

3.0 (Oct. 29, 2009) Redesigned user interface and compatibility with Apple's iTunes LPs and iTunes Extras, as well as Genius Mixes and Internet radio. Added Events and Faces support from iPhoto.

3.0.1 (Nov. 7, 2009) Fixed an issue that caused media to temporarily disappear.[77]

3.0.2 (Feb. 10, 2010) Updated compatibility with Aperture 3, which was released Feb. 9, 2010.

Modifications and hacks

Hacks for the Apple TV were available within days of the original unit's release. Particular attention was paid to the device's operating system, which had been described by Walt Mossberg before the release as "a modified version of the Mac operating system". Users created solutions for remote access, enhanced codec support, installing a full blown copy of Mac OS X Tiger, USB hard drive access, web browsing, support for enhanced remotes, and the ability to download metadata from the IMDB.[23] The end result was a group of "unofficial" commercial and community-supported add-ons for the Apple TV.[78] In mid 2008 Fire Core released the aTV Flash software, which brings a host of functionality such as additional media support, built-in web browser, and external USB hard drive support to the Apple TV.[79] There is also a free and open-source alternative to the above mentioned commercial product called atvusb-creator, which offers all the above mentioned functionality using a simple graphical interface on both Mac and Windows.

Apple is not currently preventing users from installing Apple TV modifications, but users are warned that applying hacks may void the product's warranty.[80] The Apple TV system software updates will typically remove any software hacks that are installed. Major ATV hacks are updated on a regular basis and the Apple TV device can easily be re-hacked.[68] Most Front Row plugins are minor and have not been updated to work with Apple TV 2.x. AwkwardTV reports 10 plugins out of 32 have been certified to be compatible with the "Take Two" update.[81]

Some users have focused on a very popular modification that replaces Apple TV's Front Row interface with alternative media center software, including XBMC Media Center and Boxee.[23][82] Though Boxee installs a Netflix Watch Instantly plugin, the Apple TV does not have enough processing-power to run the Silverlight framework that the Netflix plugin depends on.[83][84]

Users have also managed to successfully upgrade the internal hard drive.[85]

A hardware hack allows the Apple TV to output color through composite video.[86] For firmware version 3.0, the existing 2.x hack involving a kernel module called TVComposite.kext, is not yet working as of 11/1/2009.

Another hardware hack, which requires you to open the Apple TV and install a Broadcom CrystalHD PCI-e card, combined with SVN versions of XBMC allows you to play 1080 HD content on the Apple TV.

Limitations

Functionality

Apple TV does not contain a TV tuner, nor a personal video recorder.[34][37] Both capabilities can be applied to the connected home computer through various third-party products; allowing PVR software, for example, to connect to iTunes and enable scheduled HDTV recordings to automatically play via Apple TV for playback.[87]

The Front Row interface lacks some iTunes functionality, including rating items, synchronizing from more than one computer,[88] full Internet radio support,[35][89] and games.[90]

The Movies search box only searches the iTunes Store, not local hard drives and networks.[91]

Movies rented on Apple TV must be watched on Apple TV, unlike iTunes rentals, which can be transferred to any video-enabled iPod, iPhone or Apple TV.[15][92] Movies purchased on Apple TV can be moved to a video-enabled iPod or iPhone via iTunes.[93]

Apple TV can sync or stream content via iTunes from a connected computer, but not from networked hard drives.

Former limitations

Photos were required to to be synced to the device until an iTunes update enabled streaming.[71]

Many features were added in the February 2008 release of the 2.0 ("Take Two") software update, some of which Apple TV's competitors had already. For example, the release allowed Apple TV users to download and purchase content from the iTunes Store without connecting to a computer.[34][37]

The update also allowed users to rent standard-resolution or HD movies with Dolby Digital 5.1 surround. Previously, Apple TV had officially supported only Dolby Pro Logic simulated 5.1,[38], though the full 5.1 Surround Sound digital discrete worked if a 5.1-capable receiver was connected via the optical cable to Apple TV and the audio content was encoded as lossless.[94][95] QuickTime and Apple TV did not ship with an AC-3 codec,[96] and iTunes Store content only supported 4.0 surround sound.[97] News sites were reporting that some users had worked out how to add AC-3 (Dolby Digital) 5.1 channel support by hacking the unit.[98]

Standard iTunes functionality, including shuffling, interrupting a shuffle, and displaying a video timeline[88] were added to the Front Row interface.

The 2.2 update added the ability to add songs to On-The-Go playlists as well as the ability to generate Genius playlists. Many users complained about the lack of "Genius" functionality after the release of iTunes 8.0. The update also provided the ability to buy HD television shows. Before the 2.3 update, the Apple remote could be used on a Macintosh computer for both Front Row navigation as well as volume control, but could not be used the same way on Apple TV.[34][37] Critics claimed that Apple TVs TV-based interface was "cluttered" and difficult to browse or search for a specific movie, requiring Netflix-like queues and "watched" flags or dates.[99][100] Apple released movie wish lists, video playlists, and "watched" flags in Apple TV software versions 2.1 through 2.4.[8][101]

QuickTime Engine

The Apple TV uses the older QuickTime 7 engine,[102] so it cannot play videos which use H.264 Sample Aspect Ratio (which requires QuickTime X).[103][104]

Sales

Within the first week of presales in January 2007, Apple TV was the top selling item at the Apple Store.[105] Orders exceeded 100,000 units by the end of January and Apple began ramping-up to sell over a million units before the 2007 holiday season.[106] Analysts began calling it a "DVD killer"[107] that could enable multiple services. Analysts also predicted that Apple could sell up to 1.5 million units in the first year.[108] Besides the Apple Store, Best Buy was one of the first retailers to carry the device;[109] Target and Costco[110] followed shortly thereafter.

Two months into sales, Forrester Research predicted that Apple would only sell a million Apple TV units, because consumers prefer advertisement-supported content over paid content. Forrester predicted that cable companies would be the clear winners over content providers such as the iTunes Store.[111] Shortly after, Apple released YouTube functionality and Jobs stated that Apple TV was a "DVD player for the Internet". Market analysts immediately saw that YouTube on Apple TV "provides a glimpse of this product's potential and its future evolution",[112] but overall, analysts had mixed reactions regarding the future of Apple TV. Some negative reactions followed after Jobs referred to the device as a "hobby", implying it was less significant than the Macintosh, iPod, and iPhone.[113]

In the fourth quarter of 2008, sales were triple that of the fourth quarter of 2007.[114]

In Apple's first-quarter 2009 financial results conference call, acting chief executive Tim Cook stated that Apple TV sales increased three times over the same quarter a year ago. Cook mentioned that the movie rental business was working well for Apple, Apple would continue investment in movie rentals and Apple TV, but Apple TV is still considered a hobby for the company.[114] Due to the growth of digital TV and consumers turning to Internet media services, an analyst predicted sales of 6.6 million Apple TVs by the end of 2009.[115]

Mac Mini comparison

A Mac Mini with Front Row Interface

Apple enthusiasts seeking an alternative to the Apple TV sometimes consider the Mac Mini hardware as a more powerful, albeit more costly, solution for an HTPC (Home Theater PC) option.[116][117] As a full-featured computer, it lacks the out-of-the-box simplicity and ease of use of the Apple TV. However, once configured for home theater applications, viewers can use the supplied remote control to activate and navigate the Front Row or other media management packages.[118] Advantages include expandable storage, full 1080p video, support for multiple video and audio codecs, a DVD drive, and access to third party media management software. The Mac Mini remote can also control volume for all applications including video and music.

The Mac Mini can stream content from services like YouTube, Hulu and Netflix, using either a browser or one of several full featured free HTPC applications like XBMC Media Center, Boxee, and Plex.

The original Apple TV must be hacked to add software like XBMC Media Center or Boxee to partly compensate for the lack of browser-based functionality. Since this is not a stock set up, official software updates remove the hack [119] and it could void the warranty.[120]

See also

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