Garrincha

Manuel Francisco dos Santos (October 28, 1933 – January 20, 1983), known by the nickname "Garrincha" (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡaˈʁĩʃɐ],^[2] "little bird"),^[3] was a Brazilian football right winger and forward who helped the Brazil national team win the World Cups of 1958 and 1962. He played the majority of his professional career for Brazilian club Botafogo.

The word garrincha itself means wren.^[4] Garrincha was also known as Mané (short for Manuel) by his friends.^[5] The combined "Mané Garrincha" is common among fans in Brazil. Due to his immense popularity in Brazil, he was also called Alegria do Povo (Joy of the People) and Anjo de Pernas Tortas (Angel with Bent Legs).^[6]

FIFA considers him the best Brazilian player ever after Pelé;^[7] He is also widely regarded as the best dribbler in football history.^[1] In the Estádio do Maracanã the home changing room is known as 'Garrincha', whereas the away changing room is known as 'Pelé'.

Early life

Botafogo Fans and Garrincha flag at Engenhão stadium (2007).

Garrincha was born in Pau Grande, a district of Magé, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in 1933. His father was an alcoholic, drinking cachaça heavily, a problem which Garrincha would inherit.^[6] He had several birth defects: his spine was deformed, his right leg bent inwards and his left leg six centimeters shorter and curved outwards, none of which impeded his ability to play football at the top level.

Garrincha was known amongst footballing scouts but did not arrive in professional football until his late teens; he had no interest in a professional career despite his immense talent.^[8]

Club career

He was already married and a parent when he signed for Botafogo in 1953. Team officials were ecstatic to learn that he was over 18 and able to be treated as a professional. In his first training session, he demonstrated his extraordinary skills by dribbling the ball through the legs of Nilton Santos, a Brazilian international defender and defensive midfielder with 16 international caps, who then requested himself for Garrincha to be hired.^[9] He played in a 5-0 win for Botafogo's reserves and then scored a hat trick on his first-team début against Bonsucesso on 19 July 1953.

Garrincha continued to play brilliantly, but Brazil had other talented players in his position, notably Julinho and together with a new European style of play centered on team work, he was not named in the squad for the 1954 World Cup. He helped Botafogo win the Campeonato Carioca in 1957 by scoring 20 goals in 26 games finishing second in the league scoring charts and this convinced the national team selectors to name him to the 1958 World Cup squad. After the 1962 World Cup, Garrincha returned to Rio and carried Botafogo to victory in the 1962 Campeonato Carioca final against Flamengo.^[9] Garrincha played for Botafogo for 12 years, the bulk of his professional career. He won the Campeonato Carioca three times with them, scored 232 goals in 581 matches, and became a symbol of the history of the club.

In 1966, with his career declining, he was sold to Corinthians. Two years later, he signed for Colombian team Atlético Junior. The same year he went back to Brazil and joined Flamengo, where he would stay until 1969. In 1971, there were rumours that Garrincha, 38, would join French club Red Star FC 93, but he never signed and returned to Brazil.^[10]

Garrincha's professional career as a footballer lasted until 1972, when he played for Olaria, but he played occasional exhibition matches until 1982.^[11]

Garrincha was subject to numerous transfer attempts by rich European clubs like Juventus of Turin, Italy whom tried to sign him in 1954. Real Madrid of Spain tried to sign him in 1959 after some stunning performances by him on a tour of Europe. Internazionale and AC Milan and Juventus of Italy considered jointly signing him in 1963 (he would have to spend a season with each); a deal that would have been unique in football.

International career

Garrincha played 50 international matches for Brazil between 1955 and 1966, and was a starter for the national team in the 1958, 1962 and 1966 World Cups. Brazil only lost one match with him on the pitch, against Hungary at the 1966 World Cup. Pelé did not play the game against Hungary, and thus Brazil never lost when Garrincha and he were on the same lineup.

Drawing of Garrincha wearing Brazil's kit, by Fabio Messina

His first cap was against Chile in Rio de Janeiro in 1955. He played two matches at the Copa America of 1957 and four in the 1959 edition.

1958 World Cup

One month before the tournament started Garrincha scored one of his most famous goals versus Fiorentina in Italy when he beat 4 defenders and the goalkeeper, but when faced with an open goal, rather than scoring, he waited for another defender to get back and dribbled past him before scoring. Despite his stunning performance his coaches were upset at what they considered an irresponsible move and this likely led to Garrincha not being picked for Brazil's first two matches of the 1958 tournament. However he did start their third match against the USSR; this match marked the debut of both Garrincha and Pelé. The Soviets were one of the favourites for the tournament, and the Brazilians had been nervous about playing them.^[5] Their manager, Vicente Feola, decided to attack directly from the kick off. Garrincha received the ball on the right wing, beat three opposing players and took a shot which hit the post. With the match still less than a minute old, he set up a chance for Pelé, who hit the crossbar,^[5] and continually caused problems for the Soviet defence. Brazil won the match 2-0.

Following the Brazilians' narrow 1-0 quarter-final win against Wales on 19 June 1958, Mel Hopkins (the full back who faced him that game) described Garrincha as "a phenomenon, capable of sheer magic. It was difficult to know which way he was going to go because of his legs and because he was as comfortable on his left foot as his right, so he could cut inside or go down the line and he had a ferocious shot too."^[6]

In the final against Sweden, Brazil fell behind 0-1 early, but rapidly equalized after Garrincha surpassed his marker on the right wing and sent a cross for Vavá to score. Before the end of the first half, Garrincha made a similar play, again setting up Vavá to make the score 2-1. Brazil ended winning the match and its first World Cup trophy, with Garrincha being one of the best players of the tournament; he was voted to the "Best XI" for the competition.

Garrincha never bothered about the 'details' of the game. As his team-mates were celebrating the World Cup win, he was initially bemused, having been under the impression that the competition was more league-like and that Brazil would play all the other teams twice.^[12]

1958-1962

Garrincha put on weight after the World Cup, partly because of his drinking,^[13] so he was dropped from the national team for a friendly match in Rio against England on 13 May 1959. Later that month, he went on tour with Botafogo in Sweden and got a local girl pregnant.^[14] When he returned to Brazil, he drove home to Pau Grande and ran over his father, Amaro. He drove off without stopping, with an angry mob chasing him, and when they caught up with him they found him "drunk, almost catatonic, and with no grasp of what he had done."^[15] In August, his wife, Nair, gave birth to their fifth child, and his mistress Iraci announced her first pregnancy. His father died of liver cancer on October 10 having been dependent on alcohol for years.^[16]

1962 World Cup

Garrincha during the World Cup 1962.

Garrincha was the most outstanding player of the 1962 FIFA World Cup. When Pelé suffered an injury after the second match and was sidelined for the rest of the tournament, Garrincha played a leading role in Brazil's triumph, excelling particularly against England and Chile, scoring 4 goals in those two matches.

After one win and one draw, Brazil faced Spain, without Pelé. The South Americans were losing 0-1 in the second half. Amarildo, Pelé's substitute for the remainder of the tournament, scored the equalizer. Five minutes before the end, Garrincha took the ball on the right flank, dribbled past a defender and paused. Then he dribbled past the same man and another defender,^[17] and sent a cross to Amarildo, who scored again to win the match.

In the quarter-finals against England, Garrincha opened the score with a header off a corner kick. England equalized before half time. In the second half, Vavá scored Brazil's second goal off a rebound of a shot by Garrincha; minutes later, Garrincha received a ball outside the penalty area, paused, and sent a curved shot – known as the "banana" shot – into the bottom of the net. Brazil won 3-1 and advanced to the semi-finals. The British football press said he "was Stanley Matthews, Tom Finney and a snake charmer all rolled into one."

During the quarter final, a stray dog ran on to the pitch and evaded all of the players' efforts to catch it until England striker Jimmy Greaves got down on all fours to beckon the animal. Though successful in catching the dog, it managed to urinate all over Greaves' England shirt. Greaves claimed that Garrincha thought the incident was so amusing that he took the dog home as a pet.^[18] Ruy Castro's book expands upon this, by clarifying that the dog was captured by an official, and raffled off to the Brazilian squad, a raffle which Garrincha won. The dog was named "Bi".

He scored two more goals in the semi-final against the hosts, Chile, as Brazil went on to win 4-2. His first goal was a 20-yard left-foot shot; the second one, a header.^[19] A subsequent headline in the Chilean newspaper El Mercurio read: "What planet is Garrincha from?"^[7] Garrincha was sent off that match after 83 minutes for retaliating after being continually fouled. However, he was not suspended for the following match.

Brazil faced Czechoslovakia in the final. Garrincha played despite suffering from a severe fever,^[20] but that did not prevent Brazil from winning 3-1 and him from getting voted player of the tournament.^[7] It was the second consecutive World Cup won by Garrincha and Brazil.

1966 World Cup

Though well short of match fitness and still struggling with a knee injury, which would plague him for the rest of his career, Garrincha still played in the first match of the tournament, a 2-0 win against Bulgaria, Garrincha scored one of the goals of the championships with a free kick taken with the outside of his foot. Then Brazil lost 1-3 to Hungary at Goodison Park, in Garrincha's last ever international match, which was the only time Garrincha lost a match with the Brazil national team; he did not play in the last match of the first round against Portugal. Brazil was eliminated in the first round.

1973 farewell match

On December 19, 1973, a farewell match for Garrincha between a FIFA World team and Brazil was celebrated at the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, in front of 131,000 spectators. The FIFA team was composed mainly of Argentine and Uruguayan players, while Brazil fielded Pelé, Carlos Alberto, and several other members of the 1970 World Cup winning squad.^[21] Garrincha started the match, and while in the first half, at a point when Brazil had the ball in attack, the referee stopped the match so Garrincha could leave the pitch and receive the crowd's respects. Garrincha then did a lap around the pitch before disappearing through the stadium's tunnel.^[22]

Final years and death

The success Garrincha enjoyed on the football pitch had great contrast with his personal life. He drank heavily throughout his adult life, and was involved in several serious road accidents, notably a crash into a lorry in April 1969 which killed his mother-in-law.^[23] He was married twice, first to Nair Marques in 1952 (they separated in 1965), a factory worker from Pau Grande with whom he had eight daughters, and second to Elza Soares, a samba singer whom he married in an unofficial ceremony in March 1966; as Soares had also married before, the Brazilian press were sour on the marriage.^[6] The couple separated in 1977, when Soares left him after he struck her during an argument. Garrincha had other significant affairs, including one with showgirl Angelita Martinez,^[24] and he is known to have fathered at least 14 children, a suspected 36.^[3]

After a series of financial and marital problems, Garrincha died of cirrhosis of the liver^[7] on January 19, 1983, in an alcoholic coma in Rio de Janeiro.^[6] He had been hospitalized eight times in the previous year, and by the time of his death he was a physical and mental wreck. His last years were unhappy and obscure - he seemed to have become a forgotten hero - but his funeral procession, from the Maracanã to Pau Grande, drew thousands of fans, friends and former players to pay their respects. His epitaph reads "Here rests in peace the one who was the Joy of the People – Mané Garrincha."^[3] People had painted on the wall: Obrigado, Garrincha, por você ter vivido (Thank you, Garrincha, for having lived).^[25]

A multi-use stadium in Brasilia, Estádio Mané Garrincha, is named after him. His career was presented in the 1962 film Garrincha, Alegria do Povo,^[26] and in 2003, another movie, called Garrincha - Estrela Solitária ("Lonely Star"), based on Ruy Castro's book, depicted his life on and off the field.^[27]

Playing characteristics

Known for his remarkable ball control, imagination, dribbling skills and ability to create something from nothing, Garrincha also possessed a ferocious shot with either foot and was a gifted dead ball specialist known for free kicks and corners taken with the outside of his foot. However, it was his astonishing dribbling skills he was most famous for, a skill he retained throughout his career. Examples of his shooting ability are his goals in World Cups against England in 1962 and Bulgaria in 1966. He was also able to turn on himself at top speed and explode at unusual angles, which he used to great effect. The numerous attacks and goal opportunities he generated through individual plays would often end up in an accurate pass to a teammate in a position to score. This occurred in the first two of Brazil's goals in the 1958 World Cup final and the second goal against Spain in the 1962 tournament. He was also an excellent header of the ball despite his relatively short stature.

He is one of a few players to have scored direct from a corner, a feat he managed to do 4 times in his career.

He was voted into the FIFA Team of the 20th century by 250 of the world's most respected football writers and journalists as one of the three best forwards of the 20th century.

He is often credited for having been the inspiration for the bull fighting chants of "ole" to be used at football grounds initially during a game in Argentina where he constantly teased and went past his markers to constant ole's from the crowd.

National team statistics

^[28]

Honours

Brazil

• World Cup Champion: 1958, 1962
• O'Higgins Cup winner: 1955, 1959, 1961
• Oswaldo Cruz Cup: 1960

Botafogo

• Intercontinental Championship Clubs: 1963
• Brazilian Champion Club (Roberto Gomes Pedrosa Tournament): 1962, 1964
• Rio State Championship: 1957, 1961, 1962

Individual

• World Cup top scorer-FIFA: 1962 (tied)
• World Cup Player of the Tournament-FIFA: 1962
• World Player of the Year-FIFA: 1962
• Best player of the Carioca championship: 1961
• Best player of the Carioca championship: 1962
• Player of Rio-São Paulo Tournament: 1962
• Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame

Bibliography

• Ruy Castro (2005). Garrincha - The triumph and tragedy of Brazil's forgotten footballing hero. Yellow Jersey Press, London. ISBN 0-224-06433-9.  Original in Portuguese: Estrela Solitária (Lonely Star), 1995
• Bellos, Alex (2002). Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-6179-6. 

References

External links

• Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame
• Garrincha - FIFA competition record
• Detail of international appearances and goals by RSSSF
• Profile at the International Football Hall of Fame
• Biography on ABC Sport
• BBC biography
• Biography at The Hindu Online
• Profile at Botafogo's official web site
• Tribute page including biography and photos
• Video clips of football oddities. Inspired by Garrincha and the 1962 canine pitch invasion.
• FIFA magazine article (1997)

Brazil squad – 1958 FIFA World Cup Winners (1st Title) 1 Castilho • 2 Bellini • 3 Gilmar • 4 Djalma Santos • 5 Dino Sani • 6 Didi • 7 Zagallo • 8 Oreco • 9 Zózimo • 10 Pelé • 11 Garrincha • 12 Nílton Santos • 13 Moacir • 14 De Sordi • 15 Orlando • 16 Mauro • 17 Joel • 18 Mazola • 19 Zito • 20 Vavá • 21 Dida • 22 Pepe • Coach: Feola

Brazil squad – 1962 FIFA World Cup Winners (2nd Title) 1 Gilmar • 2 Djalma Santos • 3 Mauro • 4 Zito • 5 Zózimo • 6 Nílton Santos • 7 Garrincha • 8 Didi • 9 Coutinho • 10 Pelé • 11 Pepe • 12 Jair Marinho • 13 Bellini • 14 Jurandir • 15 Altair • 16 Zequinha • 17 Mengálvio • 18 Jair • 19 Vavá • 20 Amarildo • 21 Zagallo • 22 Castilho • Coach: Moreira

Brazil squad – 1966 FIFA World Cup 1 Gilmar • 2 Djalma Santos • 3 Fidélis • 4 Bellini • 5 Brito • 6 Altair • 7 Orlando • 8 Paulo Henrique • 9 Rildo • 10 Pelé • 11 Gérson • 12 Manga • 13 Denílson • 14 Lima • 15 Zito • 16 Garrincha • 17 Jairzinho • 18 Alcindo • 19 Silva • 20 Tostão • 21 Paraná • 22 Edu • Coach: Feola