Michael Schumacher

Michael Schumacher

Michael Schumacher at the 2010 Malaysian Grand Prix
Date of birth	3 January 1969 (1969-01-03) (age 42)
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	German
2010 team	Mercedes GP
2010 car #	3
Races	263 (262 starts)
Championships	7 (1994, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004)
Wins	91
Podiums	154
Career points	1,413
Pole positions	68
Fastest laps	76
First race	1991 Belgian Grand Prix
First win	1992 Belgian Grand Prix
Last win	2006 Chinese Grand Prix
Last race	2010 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
2006 position	2nd (121 pts)

Michael Schumacher (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪçaʔeːl ˈʃuːmaxɐ]  ( listen); born 3 January 1969 in Hürth, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a Formula One racing driver currently driving for Mercedes GP. Most famous for his legendary ten year-spell with Ferrari, Schumacher is a seven-time World Champion and according to the official Formula One website is "statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen";^[1] he holds many of the formula's driver records including most championships, race victories, fastest laps, pole positions, points scored and most races won in a single season – 2004. In 2002 he became the only driver in Formula 1 history to finish in the top three in every race.

After beginning with go-karts Schumacher won German drivers' championships in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship. After one Mercedes-funded race for the Jordan Formula One team Schumacher signed as a driver for the Benetton Formula One team in 1991. After winning consecutive championships with Benetton in 1994/5, Schumacher moved to Ferrari in 1996 and won another five consecutive drivers' titles with them from 2000–2004. Schumacher retired from Formula One driving in 2006 staying with Ferrari as an advisor.^[2] After an earlier attempted comeback for Ferrari, as cover for the injured Felipe Massa, Schumacher signed a 3 year contract to drive for the new Mercedes GP team from 2010.^[3][4][5]

Schumacher is the only German to have won the Formula One championship (Jochen Rindt raced under the Austrian flag) and is credited with popularising the sport in Germany.^[6] His career has not been without controversy, including being twice involved in collisions in the final race of a season that determined the outcome of the world championship, with Damon Hill in the 1994 in Adelaide, and with Jacques Villeneuve in 1997 in Jerez.^[7]

Off the track Schumacher is an ambassador for UNESCO and a spokesman for driver safety. He has been involved in numerous humanitarian efforts throughout his life and donated tens of millions of dollars to charity.^[8] Michael and his younger brother Ralf Schumacher are the only brothers to win races in Formula One, and they were the first brothers to finish 1st and 2nd in the same race, in Montreal in 2001, and again in 2003.

Early years

Schumacher's title-winning German Formula Three car from 1990

Schumacher was born in Hürth-Hermülheim, West Germany,^[9] to Rolf Schumacher, a bricklayer, and his wife Elisabeth. When Schumacher was four, his father modified his pedal kart by adding a small motorcycle engine. When Schumacher crashed it into a lamp post in Kerpen, his parents took him to the karting track at Kerpen-Horrem, where he became the youngest member of the karting club. His father soon built him a kart from discarded parts and at the age of six Schumacher won his first club championship. To support his son's racing, Rolf Schumacher took on a second job renting and repairing karts, while his wife worked at the track's canteen. Nevertheless, when Schumacher needed a new engine costing 800 DM, his parents were unable to afford it; Michael was able to continue racing with support from local businessmen.^[10]

Regulations in Germany require a driver to be at least 14 years old to obtain a kart license. To get around this, Schumacher obtained a license in Luxembourg at the age of 12.^[11]

In 1983, he obtained his German license, a year after he won the German Junior Kart Championship. From 1984 on, Schumacher won many German and European kart championships. He joined Eurokart dealer Adolf Neubert in 1985 and by 1987 he was the German and European kart champion, then he quit school and began working as a mechanic. In 1988 he made his first step into single-seat car racing by participating in the German Formula Ford and Formula König series, winning the latter.^[12]

In 1989, Schumacher signed with Willi Weber's WTS Formula Three team. Funded by Weber, he competed in the German Formula 3 series, winning the title in 1990. At the end of 1990, along with his Formula 3 rivals Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Karl Wendlinger, he joined the Mercedes junior racing programme in the World Sports-Prototype Championship. This was unusual for a young driver: most of Schumacher's contemporaries would compete in Formula 3000 on the way to Formula One. However, Weber advised Schumacher that being exposed to professional press conferences and driving powerful cars in long distance races would help his career.^[11] Schumacher gained victory at the season finale at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in a Sauber-Mercedes C11 and finished fifth in the drivers' championship. He continued with the team in the 1991 World Sportscar Championship season, winning again at the final race of the season at Autopolis in Japan with a Sauber-Mercedes-Benz C291, leading to a ninth place finish in the drivers championship. He also competed at Le Mans during that season, finishing 5th in a car shared with Karl Wendlinger and Fritz Kreutzpointner. In 1991, he competed in one race in the Japanese Formula 3000 Championship, finishing second.^[12]

Formula One career

Overview

Schumacher was noted throughout his career for his ability to produce fast laps at crucial moments in a race, to push his car to the very limit for sustained periods.^[13] Motor sport author Christopher Hilton observed in 2003 that "A measure of a driver's capabilities is his performance in wet races, because the most delicate car control and sensitivity are needed," and noted that like other great drivers, Schumacher's record in wet conditions shows very few mistakes: up to the end of the 2003 season, Schumacher won 17 of the 30 races in wet conditions he contested.^[14] Some of Schumacher's best performances occurred in such conditions, earning him the nicknames "Regenkönig" (rain king)^[15] or "Regenmeister" (rain master).^[13][16] , even in the non-German language media. He is known as "the Red Baron", because of his red Ferrari and in reference to the German Manfred von Richthofen, the famous flying ace of World War I. Schumacher's nicknames include "Schumi",^[17] "Schuey"^[18] and "Schu".^[19] Schumacher is often credited with popularising Formula One in Germany, where it was formerly considered a fringe sport.^[6] When Schumacher retired in 2006, three of the top ten drivers were German, more than any other nationality and more than have ever been present in Formula One history. Younger German drivers, such as Sebastian Vettel, felt Schumacher was key in their becoming Formula One drivers.^[20] In the latter part of his Formula One career, and as one of the senior drivers, Schumacher was the president of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association.^[21] In a 2006 FIA survey, Michael Schumacher was voted the most popular driver of the season among Formula One fans.^[22]

Debut

Schumacher testing the Jordan 191.

Schumacher made his Formula One debut with the Jordan-Ford team at the 1991 Belgian Grand Prix, driving car number 32 as a replacement for the imprisoned Bertrand Gachot. Schumacher, still a contracted Mercedes driver, was signed by Eddie Jordan after Mercedes paid Jordan $150,000 for his debut.^[23] The week before the race, Schumacher impressed Jordan designer Gary Anderson and team manager Trevor Foster during a test drive at Silverstone. His manager Willi Weber assured Jordan that Schumacher knew the challenging Spa track well, although in fact he had only seen it as a spectator. During the race weekend, team-mate Andrea de Cesaris was meant to show Schumacher the circuit but was held up with contract negotiations. Schumacher then learned the track on his own, by cycling around the track on a fold-up bike he had brought with him.^[24] He impressed the paddock by qualifying seventh in this race. This matched the team's season-best grid position, and out-qualified 11-year veteran de Cesaris. Motorsport journalist Joe Saward reported that after qualifying "clumps of German journalists were talking about 'the best talent since Stefan Bellof'".^[25] Schumacher retired on the first lap of the race with clutch problems.^[26]

Benetton

Schumacher driving for Benetton at the 1992 Monaco Grand Prix.

After his debut, and despite Jordan's signed agreement in principle with Schumacher's Mercedes management for the remainder of the season, Schumacher was signed by Benetton-Ford for the following race. Jordan applied for an injunction in the UK courts to prevent Schumacher driving for Benetton, but lost the case as they had not yet signed a contract.^[27] Schumacher finished the 1991 season with four points out of six races. His best finish was fifth in his second race, the Italian Grand Prix, in which he finished ahead of his team-mate and three-time World Champion Nelson Piquet.

At the start of the 1992 season the Sauber team, planning their Formula One debut with Mercedes backing for the following year, invoked a clause in Schumacher's contract which stated that if Mercedes entered Formula One, Schumacher would drive for them. It was eventually agreed that Schumacher would stay with Benetton, Peter Sauber said that "[Schumacher] didn't want to drive for us. Why would I have forced him?".^[28] The year was dominated by the Williams of Nigel Mansell and Riccardo Patrese, featuring powerful Renault engines, semi-automatic gearboxes and active suspension to control the car's ride height.^[29] In the 'conventional' Benetton B192 Schumacher took his place on the podium for the first time, finishing third in the Mexican Grand Prix. He went on to take his first victory at the Belgian Grand Prix, in a wet race at the Spa-Francorchamps circuit, which by 2003 he would call "far and away my favourite track".^[30] He finished third in the Drivers' Championship in 1992 with 53 points, three points behind runner-up Patrese.

The Williams of Damon Hill and Alain Prost also dominated the 1993 season. Benetton introduced their own active suspension and traction control early in the season, last of the frontrunning teams to do so.^[31] Schumacher won one race, the Portuguese Grand Prix where he beat Prost, and had nine podium finishes, but retired in seven of the other 15 races. He finished the season in fourth, with 52 points.

1994–1995: World Championship years

Schumacher drove the Benetton B194 to his first World Championship in 1994.

Schumacher driving for Benetton at the 1995 British Grand Prix.

The 1994 season was Schumacher's first Drivers' Championship. The season, however, was marred by the deaths of Ayrton Senna (witnessed by Schumacher, who was directly behind in 2nd position) and Roland Ratzenberger during the San Marino Grand Prix, and by allegations that several teams, including Schumacher's Benetton team, broke the sport's technical regulations.^[32][33]

Schumacher won six of the first seven races and was leading the Spanish Grand Prix, before a gearbox failure left him stuck in fifth gear. Schumacher finished the race in second place.^[34] Following the San Marino Grand Prix, the Benetton, Ferrari and McLaren teams were investigated on suspicion of breaking the FIA-imposed ban on electronic aids. Benetton and McLaren initially refused to hand over their source code for investigation. When they did so, the FIA discovered hidden functionality in both teams' software, but no evidence that it had been used in a race. Both teams were fined $100,000 for their initial refusal to cooperate. However, the McLaren software, which was a gearbox program that allowed automatic shifts, was deemed legal. By contrast, the Benetton software was deemed to be a form of 'launch control' which would have allowed Schumacher to make perfect starts, which was explicitly outlawed by the regulations.^[35] At the British Grand Prix, Schumacher was penalised for overtaking on the formation lap. He then ignored the penalty and the subsequent black flag, which indicates that the driver must immediately return to the pits, for which he was disqualified and later given a two-race ban. Benetton blamed the incident on a communication error between the stewards and the team.^[36] Schumacher was also disqualified after winning the Belgian Grand Prix after his car was found to have illegal wear on its skidblock, a measure used after the accidents at Imola to limit downforce and hence cornering speed.^[37] Benetton protested that the skidblock had been damaged when Schumacher spun over a kerb, but the FIA rejected their appeal.^[38] These incidents helped Damon Hill close the points gap, with Schumacher leading by a single point going into the final race in Australia. On lap 36 of the race Schumacher clipped the guardrail while leading from Hill. With his race over by then, he steered towards Hill's path as the latter was passing him, forcing a crash that took Hill out of the race. As neither he nor Hill scored, Schumacher won a very controversial championship, the first German to do so (Jochen Rindt raced under the Austrian flag).^[39]

In 1995 Schumacher successfully defended his title with Benetton. He now had the same Renault engine as Williams. He accumulated 33 more points than second-placed Damon Hill. With team-mate Johnny Herbert, he took Benetton to its first Constructors' Championship and became the youngest two-time world champion in Formula One history.

The season was marred by several collisions with Hill, in particular an overtaking manoeuvre by Hill took them both out of the British Grand Prix on lap 45^[40] and again on lap 23 of the Italian Grand Prix.^[41] Schumacher won nine of the 17 races, and finished on the podium 11 times. Only once did he qualify worse than fourth; at the Belgian Grand Prix, he qualified 16th, but went on to win the race. After Schumacher left Benetton at the end of the year, the team won only one more race before being bought by Renault in 2000.

Ferrari

In 1996, Schumacher joined Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. for a salary of $50 million over 2 years, a team which had last won the Drivers' Championship with Jody Scheckter in 1979 and which had not won the Constructors' Cup since 1983 with drivers René Arnoux and Patrick Tambay at the wheel. He left Benetton a year before his contract with them expired; he later cited the team's damaging actions in 1994 as his reason for opting out of his deal.^[42] A year later, ex-Benetton employees Rory Byrne and Ross Brawn, who had been Technical Director at Benetton since 1991,^[43] and who was one of the key members behind Schumacher's title successes with the team in 1994 and 1995, decided to join Schumacher at Ferrari. This increased Schumacher's motivation to build a more experienced and potentially championship-winning team around him.

Ferrari had previously come close to the championship in 1982 and 1990. The team had suffered a disastrous downturn in the early 1990s, partially as their famous V12 engine was no longer competitive against the smaller, lighter and more fuel efficient V10s of their competitors. Various drivers, notably Alain Prost, had given the vehicles labels such as "truck", "pig", and "accident waiting to happen".^[44] The poor performance of the Ferrari pit crews was considered a running joke.^[6] At the end of 1995, though the team had improved into a solid competitor, it was still considered inferior to front-running teams such as Benetton and Williams.^[45] Schumacher declared the Ferrari 412T good enough to win the Championship.

Schumacher, Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne, and Jean Todt (hired in 1993), have been credited as turning this once struggling team into the most successful team in Formula One history.^[46][47] Three-time World Champion Jackie Stewart believes the transformation of the Ferrari team was Schumacher's greatest feat.^[48] Eddie Irvine also joined the team, moving from Jordan.

1996–1999

Schumacher finished third in the Drivers' Championship in 1996, and helped Ferrari to second place in the constructors' championship ahead of his old team Benetton. He won three races, more than the team's total tally for the period from 1991 to 1995. During the initial part of the 1996 season, the car had had reliability trouble and Schumacher did not finish 6 of the 16 races. He took his first win for Ferrari at the Spanish Grand Prix, where he lapped the entire field up to third place in the wet.^[11] In the French Grand Prix Schumacher qualified in pole position, but suffered engine failure on the race's formation lap.^[50] However at Spa-Francorchamps, Schumacher used well-timed pit-stops to fend off the Williams' Jacques Villeneuve. Following that, at Monza, Schumacher won in front of the tifosi. Schumacher's ability, combined with the improving reliability of Ferrari, enabled him to end the season, putting up a challenge to eventual race and championship winner Damon Hill at Suzuka.

Schumacher celebrates a second place finish at the 1997 German Grand Prix

Schumacher battles with David Coulthard at the 1998 British Grand Prix

Michael Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve vied for the title in 1997. Villeneuve, driving the superior Williams FW19, led the championship in the early part of the season.^[51] However, by mid-season, Schumacher had taken the Championship lead, winning five races, and entered the season's final Grand Prix with a one-point advantage. Towards the end of the race, held at Jerez, Schumacher's Ferrari developed a coolant leak and loss of performance indicating he may not finish the race. As Villeneuve approached to pass his rival, Schumacher attempted to provoke an accident^[52] but got the short end of the stick, retiring from the race. Villeneuve went on and scored four points to take the championship. Schumacher was punished for unsportsmanlike conduct for the collision and was disqualified from the Drivers' Championship.^[53]

In 1998, Finnish driver Mika Häkkinen became Schumacher's main title competition. Häkkinen won the first two races of the season, gaining a 16 point advantage over Schumacher. With the Ferrari improving significantly in the second half of the season, Schumacher won six races and had five other podium finishes. Ferrari took a 1–2 finish at the Italian Grand Prix, which tied Schumacher with Häkkinen for the lead of the Drivers' Championship with 80 points, but Häkkinen won the Championship by winning the final two races. There were two controversies; at the British Grand Prix Schumacher was leading on the last lap when he turned into the pit lane, crossed the start finish line and stopped for a ten second stop go penalty. There was some doubt whether this counted as serving the penalty, but the win stood. At Spa, Schumacher was leading the race by 40 seconds in heavy spray, but collided with David Coulthard's McLaren when the Scot, a lap down, slowed in very poor visibility to let Schumacher past. After both cars returned to the pits, Schumacher rushed to McLaren's garage and accused Coulthard of trying to kill him.^[54]

Schumacher's efforts helped Ferrari win the Constructors title in 1999. He lost his chance to win the Drivers' Championship at the British Grand Prix: at the high-speed Stowe Corner, his car's rear brake failed, sending him off the track and resulting in a broken leg.^[55] During his 98 day absence, he was replaced by Finnish driver Mika Salo. After missing six races, he made his return at the inaugural Malaysian Grand Prix, qualifying in the pole position by almost a second. He then assumed the role of second driver, assisting team mate Eddie Irvine's bid to win the Drivers' Championship for Ferrari.^[56] In the last race of the season, the Japanese Grand Prix, Häkkinen won his second consecutive title. Schumacher would later say that Häkkinen was the opponent he respected the most.^[57]

2000–2004: World Championship years

Schumacher won his fourth world title in 2001

Schumacher driving the Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro F2002 at the 2002 French Grand Prix, the race at which he clinched the 2002 Drivers' Championship, setting the record for the fewest races in locking up the title.

During this period Schumacher won more races and championships than any other driver in the history of the sport. Schumacher won his third World Championship in 2000 after a year-long battle with Häkkinen. Schumacher won the first three races of the season and five of the first eight. Mid-way through the year, Schumacher's chances suffered with three consecutive non-finishes, allowing Häkkinen to close the gap in the standings. Häkkinen then took another two victories, before Schumacher won at the Italian Grand Prix. At the post race press conference, after equalling the number of wins (41) won by his idol, Ayrton Senna, Schumacher broke into tears.^[58] The championship fight would come down to the penultimate race of the season, the Japanese Grand Prix. Starting from pole position, Schumacher lost the lead to Häkkinen at the start. After his second pit-stop, however, Schumacher came out ahead of Häkkinen and went on to win the race and the championship.

In 2001, Schumacher took his fourth drivers' title. Four other drivers won races, but none sustained a season-long challenge for the championship. Schumacher scored a record-tying nine wins and clinched the world championship with four races yet to run. He finished the championship with 123 points, 58 ahead of runner-up Coulthard. Season highlights included the Canadian Grand Prix, where Schumacher finished 2nd to his brother Ralf, thus scoring the first ever 1–2 finish by brothers in Formula One;^[59] and the Belgian Grand Prix in which Schumacher scored his 52nd career win, breaking Alain Prost's record for most career wins.^[60]

In 2002, Schumacher used the Ferrari F2002 to retain his Drivers' Championship. There was again some controversy, however, at the Austrian Grand Prix, where his teammate, Rubens Barrichello was leading but in the final metres of the race, under orders, slowed to allow Schumacher to win the race.^[61] The crowd broke into outraged boos at the result and Schumacher tried to make amends by placing Barrichello at the top step of the podium. At the United States Grand Prix later that year, Schumacher dominated the race and was set for a close finish with Barrichello. At the end he slowed down and Barrichello took the victory. In winning the Drivers' Championship he equalled the record set by Juan Manuel Fangio of five world championships. Ferrari won 15 out of 17 races, and Schumacher won the title with six races remaining in the season. Schumacher broke his own record, shared with Nigel Mansell, of nine race wins in a season, by winning eleven times and finishing every race on the podium. He finished with 144 points, a record-breaking 67 points ahead of the runner-up, his teammate Rubens Barrichello. This pair finished 9 of the 17 races in the first two places.

Schumacher at Indianapolis in 2004, where he won the 2004 United States Grand Prix

Schumacher broke Juan Manuel Fangio's record of five World Drivers' Championships by winning the drivers' title for the sixth time in 2003, a closely contested season. The biggest competition came once again from the McLaren Mercedes and Williams BMW teams. In the first race, Schumacher ran off track, and in the following two, was involved in collisions.^[62][63][64] He fell 16 points behind Kimi Räikkönen. Schumacher won the San Marino Grand Prix and the next two races, and closed within two points of Räikkönen. Aside from Schumacher's victory in Canada, and Barrichello's victory in Britain, the mid-season was dominated by Williams drivers Ralf Schumacher and Juan Pablo Montoya, who each claimed two victories. After the Hungarian Grand Prix, Michael Schumacher led Montoya and Kimi Räikkönen by only one and two points, respectively. Ahead of the next race, the FIA announced changes to the way tyre widths were to be measured: this forced Michelin, supplier to Williams and McLaren among others, to rapidly redesign their tyres before the Italian Grand Prix.^[65] Schumacher, running on Bridgestone tyres, won the next two races. After Montoya was penalised in the United States Grand Prix, only Schumacher and Räikkönen remained in contention for the title. At the final round, the Japanese Grand Prix, Schumacher needed only one point whilst Räikkönen needed to win. By finishing the race in eighth place, Schumacher took one point and assured his sixth World Drivers' title, ending the season two points ahead of Räikkönen.

In 2004, Schumacher won a record twelve of the first thirteen races of the season, only failing to finish in Monaco after an accident with Juan Pablo Montoya during a safety car period when he briefly locked his car's brakes. He clinched a record seventh drivers' title at the Belgian Grand Prix. He finished that season with a record 148 points, 34 points ahead of the runner-up, teammate Rubens Barrichello, and set a new record of 13 race wins out of a possible 18, surpassing his previous best of 11 wins from the 2002 season.^[66]

2005–2006

Schumacher battling with Kimi Räikkönen during the 2005 Canadian Grand Prix

Schumacher in 2005

Rule changes for the 2005 season required tyres to last an entire race,^[67] tipping the overall advantage to teams using Michelins over teams such as Ferrari that relied on Bridgestone tyres.^[68] The rule changes were partly in an effort to dent Ferrari's dominance and make the series more interesting.^[6] The most notable moment of the early season for Schumacher was his battle with Fernando Alonso in San Marino, where he started 13th and finished only 0.2 seconds behind the Spanish driver.^[69] Less than half-way through the season, Schumacher said "I don't think I can count myself in this battle any more. It was like trying to fight with a blunted weapon.... If your weapons are weak you don't have a chance."^[70] Schumacher's sole win in 2005 came at the United States Grand Prix. Prior to that race, the Michelin tyres were found to have significant safety issues. When no compromise between the teams and the FIA could be reached, all but the six drivers using Bridgestone tyres dropped out of the race after the formation lap.^[71] Schumacher retired in six of the 19 races. He finished the season in third with 62 points, fewer than half the points of world champion Alonso.

2006 became the last season of Schumacher's Ferrari career. After three races, Schumacher had just 11 points and was already 17 points behind Alonso. He won the following two races. His pole position at San Marino was his 66th, breaking Ayrton Senna's 12 year old record.

Schumacher was stripped of pole position at the Monaco Grand Prix and started the race at the back of the grid. This was due to him stopping his car and blocking part of the circuit while Alonso was on his qualifying lap; he still managed to work his way up to 5th place on the notoriously cramped Monaco circuit. By the Canadian Grand Prix, the ninth race of the season, Schumacher was 25 points behind Alonso, but he then won the following three races to reduce his disadvantage to 11. His win at Hockenheim was the last home win for a German as of 2009. After his victories in Italy (in which Alonso had an engine failure)^[72] and China, in which Alonso had tyre problems,^[73] Schumacher led in the championship standings for the first time during the season. Although he and Alonso had the same point total, Schumacher was in front because he had won more races.

Schumacher overtakes Kimi Räikkönen for 4th with three laps to go of his final race for 3 years at Interlagos, having dropped to 19th early on.

The Japanese Grand Prix was led by Schumacher with only 16 laps to go, when, for the first time since the 2000 French Grand Prix, Schumacher's car suffered engine failure. Alonso won the race, which gave him a ten point championship lead. With only one race left in the season, Schumacher could only win the championship if he won the season finale and Alonso scored no points.

Before the Brazilian Grand Prix, Schumacher conceded the title to Alonso.^[74] In pre-race ceremonies, football legend Pelé presented a trophy^[75] to Schumacher for his years of dedication to Formula One.^[76] During the race's qualifying session, Schumacher had the best time of all drivers through the first two sessions; but a fuel pressure problem prevented him from completing a single lap during the third session, forcing him to start the race in tenth position.^[77] Early in the race Schumacher moved up to sixth place. However, in overtaking Alonso's teammate, Giancarlo Fisichella, Schumacher experienced a tyre puncture caused by the front wing of Fisichella's car.^[78] Schumacher pitted and consequently fell to 19th place, 70 seconds behind teammate and race leader Felipe Massa. Schumacher recovered and overtook both Fisichella and Räikkönen to secure fourth place. His performance was classified in the press as "heroic",^[79] an "utterly breath-taking drive",^[80] and a "performance that ... sums up his career".^[81]

2007–2009 Retirement

BMW Sauber with "Thanks Michael" messages towards Michael Schumacher on the back of their cars, Schumacher and Peter Sauber worked together in sports cars prior of entering in F1 in 1992.

While Schumacher was on the podium after winning the 2006 Italian Grand Prix, Ferrari issued a press release stating that he would retire from racing at the end of the 2006 season.^[82] Schumacher confirmed his retirement.^[2] The press release stated that Schumacher would continue working for Ferrari. It was revealed on 29 October 2006 that Ferrari wanted Schumacher to act as assistant to the newly appointed CEO Jean Todt.^[83] This would involve selecting the team's future drivers. After Schumacher's announcement, leading Formula One figures such as Niki Lauda and David Coulthard hailed Schumacher as the greatest all-round racing driver in the history of Formula One.^[84] The tifosi and the Italian press, who did not always take to Schumacher's relatively cold public persona, displayed an affectionate response after he announced his retirement.^[85]

2007: Advisor to Ferrari

Schumacher at Finali Mondiali celebrations in the F2007

During the 2007 season Schumacher acted as Ferrari's advisor and Jean Todt's 'super assistant'.^[86] He attended several Grands Prix during the season. Schumacher drove the Ferrari F2007 for the first time on 24 October at Ferrari's home track in Fiorano, Italy. He ran no more than five laps and no lap times were recorded. A Ferrari spokesman said the short drive was done for the Fiat board of directors who were holding their meeting in Maranello.^[87]

On 13 November 2007 Schumacher, who had not driven a Formula One car since he had retired a year earlier, undertook a formal test session for the first time aboard the F2007. He returned in December 2007 to continue helping Ferrari with their development program at Jerez circuit. He focused on testing electronics and tyres for the 2008 Formula One season.

2008: Car development

In 2007, former Ferrari top manager Ross Brawn said that Schumacher was very likely and also happy to continue testing in 2008. Michael Schumacher later explained his role further saying that he would "deal with the development of the car inside Gestione Sportiva" and as part of that "I'd like to drive, but not too often.".^[88]

During 2008 Schumacher also competed in motorcycle racing in the IDM Superbike-series. But stated that he had no intention of a second competitive career in this sport.^[89] He was quoted as saying that riding a Ducati was the most exhilarating thing he had done in his life, the second most being sky diving.^[90]

2009: Attempted comeback

In his capacity as racing advisor to Ferrari Schumacher was present in Budapest for the Hungarian Grand Prix when Ferrari driver Felipe Massa was seriously injured after being struck by a suspension spring during qualifying. As it became clear that Massa would be unable to compete in the next race at Valencia Schumacher was chosen as a replacement for the Brazilian driver^[91] and on 29 July 2009, Ferrari announced that they planned to draft in Schumacher for the European Grand Prix and subsequent Grands Prix until Massa was able to race again.^[3] Schumacher tested in a modified F2007 to prepare himself^[92] as he had been unable to test the 2009 car due to testing restrictions. Ferrari appealed for special permission for Schumacher to test in a 2009 spec car but Williams, Red Bull and Toro Rosso were against this test.^[93][94] Schumacher was forced to call off his return due to the severity of the neck injury he had received in a motorcycle accident earlier in the year.^[95] Massa's place at Ferrari was instead filled by Luca Badoer and Giancarlo Fisichella.

Mercedes GP

Schumacher practicing for the Malaysian Grand Prix from which he retired with a faulty wheel nut.

On 23 December 2009 it was announced Schumacher would be returning to Formula One in the 2010 season alongside fellow German driver Nico Rosberg in the new Mercedes GP team.^[5] On 16 November Mercedes had taken over the Brawn GP team which was their first majority involvement in an F1 team since 1955. Schumacher stated that his attempted summer comeback for Ferrari had initiated a renewed interest in F1 which, combined with the opportunity to fulfil a long-held ambition to drive for Mercedes and to be working again with team principal Ross Brawn, led Schumacher to accept the offer once he was passed fit.^[5][96] After a period of intensive training medical tests indicated that the neck injury that had prevented his earlier return for Ferrari had fully healed.^[5]

Ross Brawn had contacted Schumacher over a potential return to F1 with Mercedes involvement in November 2009, seeking a substitute for the possibly outgoing driver Jenson Button.^[5] On 2 November Rubens Barrichello had left Brawn GP followed by Button on 18 November with Rosberg announced by Mercedes as the first replacement driver on 23 November. The possible return of Schumacher began being reported in the German press on 13 December and, ten days later, Mercedes confirmed Schumacher's return completing their line-up.^{[5][97][98][99]} Schumacher signed a three year contract, reportedly worth £20m, with Mercedes who were thought to want 22-year-old German driver Sebastian Vettel as a long term replacement afterwards.^[5]. In March 2010, The Daily Mail reported that Schumacher's deal was closer to £21m (€24m, $32m) a year.^[100]

Schumacher's surprise re-entry to the sport was compared to Niki Lauda's return in 1982 aged 33 and Nigel Mansell's return in 1994 at age 41. Schumacher turned 41 on 3 January 2010 and his prospects with Mercedes were compared with the record set by the oldest F1 champion Juan Manuel Fangio who was 46 when he won his fifth championship.^[5]

2010: Return to Formula One

Schumacher's first drive of the 2010 Mercedes car – the Mercedes MGP W01 – was at the official test on 2 February 2010 in Valencia. He finished sixth in the first race of the season at the Bahrain Grand Prix. A fortnight later at the Australian Grand Prix Schumacher was caught up in a tangle between Fernando Alonso and Jenson Button at the start and had to pit for a new front wing. He came from the back to finish in the points in tenth position after spending 20 laps behind Toro Rosso's Jaime Alguersuari. In the Malaysian Grand Prix Schumacher retired early in the race with a faulty wheel nut. Schumacher qualified 9th in the Chinese Grand Prix and finished 10th after being passed by several other drivers in the wet conditions towards the end of the race. After the race former driver Stirling Moss suggested that Schumacher, who had finished behind his team-mate in each of the first four qualifying sessions and races, might be "past it". GrandPrix.com identified the inherent understeer of the Mercedes car, exacerbated by the narrower front tyres introduced for the 2010 season, as contributing to Schumacher's difficulties.^[101]

For the first European race of the season, the Spanish Grand Prix, Mercedes upgraded their car with revised aerodynamics and a longer wheelbase. Schumacher was ahead of Rosberg in qualifying and the race finishing fourth after defending his position from reigning world champion Jenson Button after the pit stops. At the Monaco Grand Prix Schumacher qualified seventh and finished sixth after passing Ferrari's Fernando Alonso on the final corner of the race when the safety car returned to the pits. However he was penalised 20 seconds after the race by the race stewards dropping him to 12th and thus out of the points. The stewards, advised by former world champion Damon Hill, judged the pass to be in breach of rule 40.13 of the sporting code stating that "If the race ends whilst the safety car is deployed it will enter the pit lane at the end of the last lap and the cars will take the chequered flag as normal without overtaking."^[102] Mercedes GP had interpreted "the race control messages 'Safety Car in this lap' and 'Track Clear' and the green flags and lights shown by the marshals after safety car line one" to mean that the race would not finish under the safety car. The FIA subsequently outlined plans to clarify the regulations and Mercedes GP dropped their plans to appeal.^[103] In Turkey, Schumacher had his best qualifying session since his return qualifying 5th ahead of team mate Nico Rosberg in 6th. In the race Schumacher finished 4th which was his best race finish since his return. However 2 races later at the European Grand Prix in Valencia, Schumacher finished a lowly 15th as the Mercedes cars were uncompetitive most of the weekend (however Rosberg managed 10th). This was Schumacher's lowest recorded finish in an F1 race. In Hungary, Schumacher finished outside the points in eleventh. As a result of Schumacher's dangerous driving at 180 mph while unsuccessfully defending tenth position against Rubens Barrichello, Schumacher will be demoted ten places on the grid in Belgium, as there was not enough race time remaining to review the video evidence and disqualify Schumacher from the race.

Helmet

Schumacher's helmets from the 1999 and 2002 seasons. The change of colour occurred midway through the 2000 season, at the Monaco Grand Prix.

Schumacher, in conjunction with Schuberth, helped develop the first lightweight carbon helmet. In 2004, a prototype was publicly tested by being driven over by a tank; it survived intact.^[104] The helmet keeps the driver cool by funneling directed airflow through fifty holes.^[105]

Schumacher's original helmet sported the colours of the German flag and his sponsor's decals. On the top was a blue circle with white astroids. After Schumacher joined Ferrari a prancing horse was added on the back. From the 2000 Monaco Grand Prix, in order to differentiate his colours from new teammate Rubens Barrichello, Schumacher changed the upper blue colour and some of the white areas to red.^[106]

He sported one-off helmet designs three times. For the 1998 Japanese Grand Prix, a title decider with Mika Häkkinen, he replaced the German flag with a chequered flag motif and reflective silver replacing the white areas. At the 2004 Italian Grand Prix the German flag design was replaced with an Italian flag in honour of his team's home race. For his final Grand Prix race of 2006 he wore a special helmet that included the names of his ninety-one Grand Prix victories.^[107]

Honours

Schumacher has been honoured many times during his career. In April 2002, for his contributions to sport and his contributions in raising awareness of child education, he was named as one of the UNESCO Champions for sport,^[108] joining the other eight which include Pelé, Serhiy Bubka and Justine Henin. He won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award twice, in 2002 and 2004 for his performances in the 2001 and 2003 seasons respectively. He has also received nominations for the 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2007 awards.^[109] No-one has been nominated more times than Schumacher in the award's seven-year history.

In honour of Schumacher's racing career and his efforts to improve safety and the sport, he was awarded an FIA Gold Medal for Motor Sport in 2006.^[110] In 2007, in recognition of his contribution to Formula One racing, the Nürburgring racing track renamed turns 8 and 9 (the Audi and Shell Kurves) as the Schumacher S,^[111] and a month later he presented A1 Team Germany with the A1 World Cup at the A1GP World Cup of Motorsport 2007 awards ceremony.^[112] He was nominated for the Prince of Asturias Award for Sport for 2007, which he won both for sporting prowess and for his humanitarian record.^[113][114]

In 2008 the Swiss Football Association appointed Schumacher as the Swiss ambassador for the 2008 European football championship.^[115]

On 30 April 2010, Schumacher was honored with the Officier of Légion d'honneur title from French prime minister Francois Fillon.^[116]

Controversy

During his long career Schumacher has been involved in several incidents, which have caused considerable controversy. Schumacher has been vilified in the British media for his involvement in title-deciding collisions in 1994 and 1997.^[117] German and Italian newspapers widely condemned his actions in 1997.^[118] The 1994 incident was viewed by the FIA as a racing incident, and brought no sanction; whereas the 1997 incident saw Schumacher disqualified from the championship standings.

Championship deciding collisions

Hill (left) and Schumacher (right) crash at the Flinders Street corner during the 1994 Australian Grand Prix

Going into the 1994 Australian Grand Prix, the final race of the 1994 season, Schumacher led Hill by a single point in the Drivers' Championship. Schumacher led the race from the beginning with Hill closely following him. On lap 35, Schumacher went off track, hitting a wall with his right side wheels.^[119] It is unknown whether Schumacher's car was damaged, as he returned to the track at reduced speed but still leading the race. At the next corner, when Hill attempted a pass on the inside while Schumacher was turning into the corner, Schumacher and Hill collided. Schumacher's car was tipped up onto two wheels and eliminated on the spot. Hill pitted immediately and retired from the race with irreparable damage. As neither driver scored Schumacher took the title.^[120]

Opinion is divided over the incident. British Formula One journalist and author Alan Henry has written that Schumacher was blamed by "many F1 insiders" for the incident,^[121] however British Formula One commentator Murray Walker believes it was not a deliberate move.^[122] The race stewards judged it a racing accident and took no action against either driver.

At the 1997 European Grand Prix at Jerez, the last race of the season, Schumacher led another driver, this time Williams' Jacques Villeneuve, by one point in the Drivers' Championship. Although Schumacher and Villeneuve had set the same time during qualifying, the Canadian driver started the race in pole position due to his being the first to set the time. By the first corner of the race, Schumacher was ahead of Villeneuve. On lap 48, Villeneuve passed Schumacher at the Dry Sack Corner. As he did so, Schumacher turned his car into the Williams car, the right-front wheel of Schumacher's Ferrari hitting the left side pod of Villeneuve's car. Schumacher retired from the race immediately while Villeneuve was able to finish the race in the third place, taking four points and so becoming the World Champion.^[119]

The race stewards did not award any penalty, however two weeks after the race, Schumacher was excluded from the entire 1997 season after a FIA disciplinary hearing disqualified him, finding that his "manoeuvre was an instinctive reaction and although deliberate not made with malice or premeditation. It was a serious error."^[53] This made him the only driver in the history of the sport, as of 2009^[update] to be disqualified from a World Championship.^[123] Schumacher accepted the decision^[124] and admitted having made a mistake.^[118]

Team Orders

Historically, team orders had always been an accepted part of Formula One. However, during Schumacher's tenure at both Benetton and Ferrari, the team often employed team orders as a matter of routine. Schumacher would generally benefit, with the exception of the final 2 races of 1999, when he supported Eddie Irvine's title bid.^[125] This did not attract significant controversy in years where Schumacher was clearly involved in a title battle with drivers from other teams, but his dominant years (2001–2004) saw many accuse him and Ferrari of deploying team orders in a manner that undermined the sport and damaged its credibility.

At the 2002 Austrian Grand Prix, Schumacher's teammate, Rubens Barrichello, took pole and led the race from the start. In the final metres of the race, the Brazilian driver, under orders from Ferrari, slowed his car to make way for Schumacher to pass and win the race.^[61] This angered fans who were watching the race and it was claimed that the team's actions showed a lack of sportsmanship and respect to the spectators, with many claiming that Schumacher did not need to be "gifted" wins in only the 6th race of the season, particularly given that he had already won 4 of the previous 5 grands prix, and that Barrichello had dominated the race weekend up to that point. At the podium ceremony, Schumacher pushed Barrichello onto the top step,^[61] and for this disturbance, the Ferrari team incurred a US$1 million fine.^[126] This was the only penalty incurred, as despite the outcry, the switching of positions did not break any actual sporting or technical regulation. Later in the season at the end of the 2002 United States Grand Prix, Schumacher slowed down within sight of the finishing line, meaning that Barrichello took the win by 0.011 seconds, the 2nd closest margin in F1 history. Nobody, including Barrichello, appeared to know why Schumacher lifted, and Schumacher's own explanation varied between it being him "returning the favour" for Austria (now that Schumacher's title was secure), or trying to engineer a dead-heat (a feat derided as near-impossible in a sport where timings are taken to within a thousandth of a second).^[127] The FIA subsequently banned "Team orders which interfere with the race result".^[128][129]

Other incidents

In 1995, Schumacher and Benetton were publicly determined not to incur such controversy, but got off to a bad start when Schumacher and Williams driver David Coulthard were disqualified for fuel irregularities. On appeal, both drivers had their results and points reinstated, but both teams lost the points the results would normally have earned in the constructors championship (for 1995, Benetton switched to Renault engines, also used by Williams. With this switch came a move to using oils from Renault partner, Elf).

The remainder of 1995 went without major controversy, although the title battle with Damon Hill became very intense and acrimonious, particularly after their collisions in the British and Italian Grands Prix, both of which forced the two drivers to retire. Likewise the first two years of his Ferrari career passed with little controversy, until the final race of 1997 (see above).

The 1998 Canadian Grand Prix saw Schumacher accused of dangerous driving when his exit from the pitlane forced Heinz Harald Frentzen off the track and into retirement. Despite receiving a 10 second penalty, Schumacher recovered and won the race. In the press conference, he publicly accused Damon Hill of weaving dangerously as they fought for position, stating "If you want to kill me, find some other way", a statement widely condemned as either hypocritical, or a cynical ploy to divert attention from his actions with Frentzen.^[130]

Two laps from the finish of the 1998 British Grand Prix, Michael Schumacher was leading the race when he was issued a stop-and-go penalty for overtaking a lapped car (Alexander Wurz) during the early moments of a Safety Car period. This penalty should have involved going into the pit lane and stopping for 10 seconds. But as the penalty was given with fewer than 2 laps remaining, and since it was issued as a handwritten note, the Ferrari team was confused as to whether the penalty was a stop and go penalty or merely a penalty of 10 seconds to be added to Schumacher's race time. The rules state that a driver must serve his penalty within three laps of the penalty being issued, and on the third lap after receiving the penalty, Schumacher turned into the pit lane to serve his penalty. However, this was the last lap of the race, and as Ferrari's pit box was located after the start/finish line, Schumacher technically finished the race before serving the penalty. The stewards initially resolved that problem by adding 10 seconds to Schumacher's race time, then later rescinded the penalty completely due to the irregularities in how the penalty had been issued.^[131]

In the same season, after a race-ending collision whilst trying to lap David Coulthard in heavy spray during the Belgian Grand Prix, Schumacher stormed into the McLaren garage and, as with the incident with Hill in Canada, accused Coulthard of trying to kill him. Television viewers saw an obviously furious Schumacher shouting at Coulthard, while both McLaren and Ferrari team members attempted to restrain him and move him away from the McLaren garage. Coulthard recanted some 5 years later after an incident caused him to suffer a similar accident.^[54]

Rubens Barrichello makes way for Schumacher at the end of the 2002 Austrian Grand Prix

Minor controversy came at the 2000 Austrian Grand Prix where, after being hit at the first corner, Schumacher slowly moved his stricken car out of the gravel, and abandoned it on the racing line. Critics saw this as an (unsuccessful) attempt to force the race director to restart the race (2000 rules would have allowed him to take the restart in the spare car).

Schumacher set the fastest time during qualifying for the 2006 Monaco Grand Prix, however there was controversy at the end of the session. Schumacher stopped his car in the Rascasse corner on the racing line, leaving the corner partially blocked, while his main contender for the season title, Fernando Alonso, was on his final qualifying lap. Schumacher stated that he simply locked up the wheels going into the corner and that the car then stalled while he attempted to reverse out.^[132] Alonso believed he would have been on pole if the incident had not happened.^[133] Schumacher was later stripped of pole position by the race stewards and started the race at the back of the grid.^[132]

Four years later, in the 2010 Monaco Grand Prix, Schumacher and Alonso were again involved in an incident at the Rascasse corner. The safety car was deployed after an accident, involving Karun Chandhok and Jarno Trulli, and pulled into the pits on the last lap when Schumacher passed Alonso. The FIA launched an investigation and found Schumacher guilty of breaching Safety Car regulations and awarded him a 20-seconds penalty.

At the 2010 Hungarian Grand Prix, Schumacher was battling with Rubens Barrichello on the main straight when he pushed Barrichello against the pitwall at 180 mph (290 km/h), leaving him centimetres from crashing. Barrichello said this was 'the most dangerous incident in his career'. Schumacher was punished with a 10 place grid penalty at the next race.^[134]

Family and off-track life

Schumacher's younger brother Ralf was a Formula One driver until the end of 2007.^[9] Their stepbrother Sebastian Stahl has also been competing as a race car driver.^[135] In August 1995, Michael married Corinna Betsch. They have two children, Gina-Maria (born in 1997) and Mick (born in 1999). He has always been very protective of his private life^[136] and is known to dislike the celebrity spotlight, preferring a simple life. The family currently lives near Gland, Switzerland. Their home is a 650 m² mansion with its own underground garage and petrol station, situated on a private beach on Lake Geneva.^[137] The family has two dogs – one stray that Corinna fell in love with in Brazil, and an Australian Shepherd named "Ed" whose entrance to the family made headlines. Schumacher personally drove a taxi through the Bavarian town of Coburg after collecting the dog, enabling the family to catch their return flight to Switzerland.^[138] Both Schumacher and the taxi driver were reprimanded by local police.^[139]

One of his main hobbies is horse riding, and he plays football for his local team FC Echichens. He has appeared in several football charity games^[140] and organised games between Formula One drivers.^[141]

On 23 June 2003, Schumacher was appointed as an Ambassador at Large for the Most Serene Republic of San Marino.^[142][143]

In 2004, Forbes magazine listed him as the 2nd highest paid athlete in the world.^[144] In 2005 Eurobusiness magazine identified Schumacher as the world's first billionaire athlete. His 2004 salary was reported to be around US$80 million.^[145] Forbes magazine ranked him 17th in their "The World's Most Powerful Celebrities" list.^[146] A significant share of his income came from advertising. For example, Deutsche Vermögensberatung paid him $8 million over three years from 1999 for wearing a 10 by 8 centimetre advertisement on his post-race cap.^[147] The deal was extended until 2010.^[148] He donated $10 million for aid after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.^[149] His donation surpassed that of any other sports person, most sports leagues, many worldwide corporations and even some countries.^[150] Schumacher's bodyguard Burkhard Cramer was killed in the tsunami along with his two sons.^[151]

Schumacher is a special ambassador to UNESCO and has donated 1.5 million Euros to the organization.^[152] Additionally, he paid for the construction of a school for poor children and for area improvements in Dakar, Senegal. He supports a hospital for child victims of war in Sarajevo, which specialises in caring for amputees. In Lima, Peru he funded the "Palace for the Poor", a centre for helping homeless street children obtain an education, clothing, food, medical attention, and shelter. He stated his interest in these various efforts was piqued both by his love for children and the fact that these causes had received little attention. While an exact figure for the amount of money he has donated throughout his life is unknown, it is known that in his last four years as a driver, he donated at least $50 million.^[8] In 2008 it was revealed that he had donated between $5M and $10M to the William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park of Bill Clinton.^[153]

Since his participation in an FIA European road safety campaign, as part of his punishment after the collision at the 1997 European Grand Prix, Schumacher has continued to support other campaigns, such as Make Roads Safe, which is led by the FIA Foundation and calls on G8 countries and the UN to recognise global road deaths as a major global health issue. In 2008, Schumacher was the figurehead of an advertising campaign by Bacardi to raise awareness about responsible drinking, with a focus on communicating an international message 'drinking and driving don't mix'. He featured in an advertising campaign for television, cinema and online media, supported by consumer engagements, public relations and digital media across the world.^[154]

On 21 June 2009, Schumacher appeared on the BBC's motoring programme Top Gear as The Stig.^[155] Presenter Jeremy Clarkson hinted later in the programme that Schumacher was not the regular Stig. The BBC has since confirmed that this is the case; Schumacher was there on that occasion because Ferrari would not allow anyone else to drive the Ferrari FXX which was featured in the show.^[156] The FXX was presented to Schumacher upon his retirement at Monza in 2006.

When Schumacher appeared on Top Gear in 2009, he told Jeremy Clarkson during his interview that the road cars that he drives are a Fiat 500 Abarth, and a Fiat Croma which is his family car.

Racing record

Career summary

^* Season in progress.

• Source: Hilton, Christopher (2006). Michael Schumacher: The Whole Story. Haynes. ISBN 1-844250-08-3.

Complete Formula One results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

^* Season in progress.
† – Schumacher was disqualified from the 1997 WDC due to dangerous driving in the European Grand Prix, where he caused an avoidable accident with Villeneuve. His points tally would have placed him in second place in that year's standings.^[53]

Formula One records

As of the end of the 2010 Belgian Grand Prix, Michael Schumacher holds the following Formula One records:

^ Record shared with Alberto Ascari (1952 Belgian GP–1953 Argentine GP). Some sources credit Ascari with nine consecutive wins, disregarding the 1953 Indianapolis 500 race, in which Ascari did not compete. The American race formed part of the world championship, but was not run to the same regulations as the other races and was very rarely attended by world championship drivers.

^ Record shared with Alain Prost (1984 and 1988) and Kimi Räikkönen (2005).

^ Record shared with Kimi Räikkönen (2005 and 2008).^[158]

Books and movies

• Allen, James (1999). Michael Schumacher: Driven to Extremes. Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-81214-9. 
• Allen, James (2007). Edge of Greatness. Headline. ISBN 978-0-7553-1678-6. 
• Collings, Timothy (2004). The Piranha Club. Virgin Books. ISBN 0-7535-0965-2. 
• Collings, Timothy (2005). Team Schumacher. Highdown. ISBN 1-905156-03-0. 
• Domenjoz, Luc (2002). Michael Schumacher: Rise of a genius. Parragon. ISBN 0-75259-228-9. 
• Henry, Alan (ed.) (1992). Autocourse 1992 – 93. Hazleton Publishing. ISBN 0-905138-96-1. 
• Henry, Alan (1996). Wheel to Wheel: Great Duels of Formula One Racing. Weidenfeld Nicolson Illustrated. ISBN 0-7538-0522-7. 
• Hilton, Christopher (2003). Michael Schumacher: The greatest of all. Haynes. ISBN 1-84425-044-X. 
• Hilton, Christopher (2006). Michael Schumacher: The Whole Story. Haynes. ISBN 1-844250-08-3. 
• Kehm, Sabine (2003). Michael Schumacher. Driving Force. Random House. ISBN 0-091894-352. 
• Matchett, Steve (1995). Life in the Fast Lane: The Story of the Benetton Grand Prix Year. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81610-1. 
• Matchett, Steve (1999). The Mechanic's Tale: Life in the Pit Lanes of Formula One. Osceola, WI: MBI Pub.. ISBN 0-7603-0754-7. 
• Williams, Richard (1999). The Death of Ayrton Senna. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-747544-956. 

Schumacher had a voice in the Disney/Pixar movie Cars. His character is himself as a car. He also appeared as himself in a French movie Asterix and Obelix at the Olympic Games.

References and notes

All race and championship results (1991–2006) are taken from the Official Formula 1 Website. 1991 Season review onwards. www.formula1.com. Retrieved 23 May 2007

External links

• Michael Schumacher's official website
• Profile – from Mercedes GP official website
• Kartcenter and Museum
• Kartteam Kaiser-Schumacher-Muchow
• Formula1.com Profile
• Career statistics
• Michael Schumacher career statistics
• News Articles about Michael Schumacher
• Michael Schumacher at the Internet Movie Database
• Michael Schumacher at the Notable Names Database

Links to related articles Sporting positions Preceded by None Formula König champion 1988 Succeeded by Thomas Winkelhock Preceded by Karl Wendlinger German Formula Three champion 1990 Succeeded by Tom Kristensen Preceded by David Brabham Macau Grand Prix Winner 1990 Succeeded by David Coulthard Preceded by Alain Prost Formula One World Champion 1994–1995 Succeeded by Damon Hill Preceded by Mika Häkkinen Formula One World Champion 2000–2001–2002–2003–2004 Succeeded by Fernando Alonso Preceded by Heikki Kovalainen Marcus Grönholm Race of Champions Nations' Cup 2007–2009 with: Sebastian Vettel Succeeded by Incumbent Awards Preceded by Markus Wasmeier German Sportsman of the Year 1995 Succeeded by Frank Busemann Preceded by Damon Hill Autosport International Driver of the Year 1995 Succeeded by Damon Hill Preceded by Mika Häkkinen Autosport International Driver of the Year 2000–2002 Succeeded by Juan Pablo Montoya Preceded by Tiger Woods Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2002 Succeeded by Lance Armstrong Preceded by Lance Armstrong Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2004 Succeeded by Roger Federer Preceded by Jan Ullrich German Sportsman of the Year 2004 Succeeded by Ronny Ackermann Preceded by Juan Pablo Montoya Lorenzo Bandini Trophy 2003 Succeeded by Kimi Räikkönen Records Preceded by Alain Prost 51 wins (1980 – 1991, 1993) Most Grand Prix wins 91 wins, 52nd at the 2001 Belgian GP Succeeded by Incumbent German Formula Three champions Three-time Walter Komossa Two-time Schäfer · Jelinski One-time Albers · van Dam · Deutsch · Deutz · Dillmann · Elkmann · Fontana · Francia · Heidfeld · Kaneishi · Kolmsee · Konrad · Korten · Kreuzer · Kristensen · Lamy · Lang · Leinders · Maring · Mohr · Müller · Nielsen · Nissen · Oliveira · Paffett · Pantano · Scharmann · Schneider · Schumacher · Sommer · Thiim · Trulli · Tung · Vanthoor · Verstappen · Vervisch · Weidler · Wendlinger · Winkelhock  Scuderia Ferrari Founder: Enzo Ferrari President: Luca Cordero di Montezemolo Current personnel: Mario Almondo · Luca Baldisserri · Aldo Costa · Stefano Domenicali · Luca Marmorini · Rob Smedley · Chris Dyer · Andrea Stella · Massimo Rivola · Nicholas Tombazis · Pat Fry Former personnel: John Barnard · Ross Brawn · Gustav Brunner · Rory Byrne · Carlo Chiti · Gioacchino Colombo · Cesare Fiorio · Mauro Forghieri · Vittorio Jano · Aurelio Lampredi · Harvey Postlethwaite · Gilles Simon · Nigel Stepney · Jean Todt 2010 drivers: 7. Felipe Massa · 8. Fernando Alonso 2011 drivers: 5. Fernando Alonso · 6. Felipe Massa 2010 test drivers:  Giancarlo Fisichella ·  Luca Badoer 2011 test drivers:  Jules Bianchi Former drivers World Champions:  Alberto Ascari ·  Juan Manuel Fangio ·  Mike Hawthorn ·  Phil Hill ·  Niki Lauda ·  Kimi Räikkönen ·  Jody Scheckter ·   Michael Schumacher ·  John Surtees Formula One cars: 125 · 212 · 166 · 275 · 340 · 375 · 500 · 553 · 625 · 555 · D50 · 801 · 246 · 156 · 158 · 1512 · 312 · 312B · 312T · 126C · 156/85 · F1/86 · F1/87 · 640 · 641 · 642 · 643 · F92A · F93A · 412T · F310 · F300 · F399 · F1-2000 · F2001 · F2002 · F2003-GA · F2004 · F2005 · 248 F1 · F2007 · F2008 · F60 · F10 Formula One World Drivers' Champions     1950  G. Farina 1951  J.M. Fangio 1952  A. Ascari 1953  A. Ascari 1954  J.M. Fangio 1955  J.M. Fangio 1956  J.M. Fangio 1957  J.M. Fangio 1958  M. Hawthorn 1959  J. Brabham 1960  J. Brabham 1961  P. Hill 1962  G. Hill 1963  J. Clark 1964  J. Surtees 1965  J. Clark 1966  J. Brabham 1967  D. Hulme 1968  G. Hill 1969  J. Stewart 1970  J. Rindt 1971  J. Stewart 1972  E. Fittipaldi 1973  J. Stewart 1974  E. Fittipaldi 1975  N. Lauda 1976  J. Hunt 1977  N. Lauda 1978  M. Andretti 1979  J. Scheckter 1980  A. Jones 1981  N. Piquet 1982  K. Rosberg 1983  N. Piquet 1984  N. Lauda 1985  A. Prost 1986  A. Prost 1987  N. Piquet 1988  A. Senna 1989  A. Prost 1990  A. Senna 1991  A. Senna 1992  N. Mansell 1993  A. Prost 1994  M. Schumacher 1995  M. Schumacher 1996  D. Hill 1997  J. Villeneuve 1998  M. Häkkinen 1999  M. Häkkinen 2000  M. Schumacher 2001  M. Schumacher 2002  M. Schumacher 2003  M. Schumacher 2004  M. Schumacher 2005  F. Alonso 2006  F. Alonso 2007  K. Räikkönen 2008  L. Hamilton 2009  J. Button 2010  S. Vettel Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2000: Tiger Woods · 2001: Tiger Woods · 2002: Michael Schumacher · 2003: Lance Armstrong · 2004: Michael Schumacher · 2005: Roger Federer · 2006: Roger Federer · 2007: Roger Federer · 2008: Roger Federer · 2009: Usain Bolt · 2010: Usain Bolt Winners of Autosport's International Racing Driver Award 1982: Keke Rosberg • 1983: Nelson Piquet • 1984: Niki Lauda • 1985: Alain Prost • 1986–87: Nigel Mansell • 1988: Ayrton Senna • 1989: Jean Alesi • 1990–91: Ayrton Senna • 1992–93: Nigel Mansell • 1994: Damon Hill • 1995: Michael Schumacher • 1996: Damon Hill • 1997: Jacques Villeneuve • 1998–99: Mika Häkkinen • 2000–02: Michael Schumacher • 2003: Juan Pablo Montoya • 2004: Jenson Button • 2005: Kimi Räikkönen • 2006: Fernando Alonso • 2007–08: Lewis Hamilton • 2009: Jenson Button • 2010: Sebastian Vettel

Mercedes GP Petronas Current personnel: Ross Brawn · Nick Fry · Norbert Haug · James Vowles Former personnel: Alfred Neubauer · Max Sailer · Rudolf Uhlenhaut 2010 drivers: 3. Michael Schumacher · 4. Nico Rosberg 2011 drivers: 7. Michael Schumacher · 8. Nico Rosberg 2010 test drivers: Nick Heidfeld 2011 test drivers: TBA World Champions: Juan Manuel Fangio European Champions: Rudolf Caracciola Notable drivers: Louis Chiron · Luigi Fagioli · Hans Herrmann · Karl Kling · Hermann Lang · Stirling Moss · Richard Seaman · Manfred von Brauchitsch Cars Formula One: W196 · MGP W01 Grand Prix: W25 · W125 · W154 Voiturette: W165