The Truman Show

The Truman Show
Movie poster showing a large skyscraper located next to several smaller ones. On the side of the building is a large screen, showing a man laying his head on a pillow, eyes closed and smiling. Digital text above and below the screen state "LIVE" and "DAY 10,909", with the film's title right below it. Text at the top of the image includes the sole starring credit and text at the bottom includes the film's tagline and credits.
theatrical poster
Directed by Peter Weir
Produced by Scott Rudin
Andrew Niccol
Adam Schroeder
Written by Andrew Niccol
Starring Jim Carrey
Laura Linney
Ed Harris
Noah Emmerich
Natascha McElhone
Music by Burkhard Dallwitz
Philip Glass
Cinematography Peter Biziou
Editing by William M. Anderson
Lee Smith
Distributed by Paramount Pictures
Release date(s) June 5, 1998 (1998-06-05)
Running time 103 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $60 million
Gross revenue $264,118,201

The Truman Show is a 1998 American dramedy film directed by Peter Weir and written by Andrew Niccol. The cast includes Jim Carrey as Truman Burbank, as well as Laura Linney, Noah Emmerich, Ed Harris and Natascha McElhone. The film chronicles the life of a man who discovers he is living in a constructed reality soap opera, televised 24/7 to billions across the globe.

The genesis of The Truman Show was a spec script by Niccol. The original draft was more in tone of a science fiction thriller, with the story set in New York City. Scott Rudin purchased the script, and instantly set the project up at Paramount Pictures. Brian de Palma was in contention to direct before Weir took over, managing to make the film for $60 million against the estimated $80 million budget. Niccol rewrote the script simultaneously as the filmmakers were waiting for Carrey's schedule to open up for filming. The majority of filming took place at Seaside, Florida, a master-planned community located in the Florida Panhandle.

The film was a financial and critical success, and earned numerous nominations at the 71st Academy Awards, 56th Golden Globe Awards, 52nd British Academy Film Awards and The Saturn Awards. The Truman Show has been analyzed as a thesis on Christianity, simulated reality, existentialism and the forthcoming rise of reality television.

Contents

Plot

The movie is framed around the television show "The Truman Show." Its main character, Truman Burbank, has lived his entire life since before birth in front of cameras for the show, though he himself is unaware of this fact. Truman's life is filmed through thousands of hidden cameras, 24 hours a day and broadcast live around the world, allowing executive producer Christof to capture Truman's real emotion and human behavior when put in certain situations. Truman's hometown of Seahaven is a complete set built under a giant dome and populated by the show's actors and crew, allowing Christof to control every aspect of Truman's life, even the weather. To prevent Truman from discovering his false reality, Christof has invented means of dissuading his sense of exploration, including "killing" his father in a storm while on a fishing trip to instill in him a fear of the water, and making many news reports and 'adverts' about the dangers of travelling, and featuring television shows about how good it is to stay at home. However, despite Christof's control, Truman has managed to behave in unexpected manners, in particular falling in love with an extra, Sylvia, instead of Meryl, the actress intended to be his wife. Though Sylvia is removed from the set quickly, her memory still resonates with him, and he secretly thinks of her outside of his marriage to Meryl. Sylvia subsequently starts a "Free Truman" campaign that fights to have Truman freed from the show.

In the film's present, during the 30th year "The Truman Show" has been on the air, Truman discovers facts that seem out of place, such as a spotlight from the artificial night sky constellations that nearly hits him (quickly passed off by local radio as an airplane's dislodged landing light) and a "Truman Show" crew conversation on his car radio that is describing his morning commute into work. These events are punctuated by the reappearance of Truman's father, supposedly "dead," onto the set, at first dressed as a hobo. All of this causes Truman to start wondering about his life, realizing much of the town seems to revolve around him. Stress on Meryl to continue her role in spite of Truman's increasing skepticism and attendant hostility causes their marriage to unravel. Truman seeks to get away from Seahaven but is blocked by the inability to arrange for flights, bus breakdowns, sudden masses of traffic, and an apparent nuclear meltdown. After Meryl breaks down and is taken off the show, Christof officially brings back Truman's father, hoping his presence will keep Truman from trying to leave. However, he only provides a temporary respite: Truman soon becomes isolated and begins staying alone in his basement after Meryl "leaves" him. One night, Truman manages to escape the basement undetected via a secret tunnel, forcing Christof to temporarily suspend broadcasting of the show for the first time in its history. This causes a surge in viewership, with many viewers, including Sylvia, cheering on Truman's escape attempt.

Christof orders every actor and crew member to search the town, breaking the town's daylight cycle to help in the search. They find that Truman has managed to overcome his fear of the water and has been sailing away from the town in a small boat named Santa Maria (the name of the ship in which Christopher Columbus discovered the New World). After restoring the broadcast, Christof orders the show's crew to create a large storm to try to capsize the boat. However, Truman's determination eventually leads Christof to terminate the storm. As Truman recovers, the boat reaches the edge of the dome, its bow piercing through the dome's painted sky. An awe-struck Truman then discovers a flight of stairs nearby, leading to a door marked "EXIT". As he contemplates leaving his world, Christof speaks directly to Truman via a powerful sound system, trying to persuade him to stay and arguing that there is no more truth in the real world than there is in his own, artificial world. Truman, after a moment's thought, delivers his catchphrase, "In case I don't see you ... good afternoon, good evening, and good night," bows to his audience, and steps through the door and into the real world. The assembled television viewers excitedly celebrate Truman's escape, and Sylvia quickly leaves her apartment to reunite with him. A network executive orders the crew to cease transmission. With the show completed, members of Truman's former audience are shown looking for something else to watch.

Cast

Production

Andrew Niccol completed a one-page film treatment titled The Malcolm Show in May 1991.[6] The original draft was more in tone of a science fiction thriller, with the story set in New York City.[5] Niccol stated, "I think everyone questions the authenticity of their lives at certain points. It's like when kids ask if they're adopted".[7] In the fall of 1993,[8] producer Scott Rudin purchased the script for slightly over $1 million.[9] Paramount Pictures instantly agreed to distribute. Part of the deal called for Niccol to have his directing debut, though Paramount felt the estimated $80 million budget would be too high for him.[10] In addition, Paramount wanted to go with an A-list director, paying Niccol extra money "to step aside." Brian de Palma was under negotiations to direct before he left United Talent Agency in March 1994.[8] Directors being considered after de Palma's departure included Tim Burton, Terry Gilliam, Barry Sonnenfeld and Steven Spielberg before Peter Weir signed on in early 1995,[1] following a recommendation of Niccol.[7]

Paramount was cautious about The Truman Show which they dubbed "the most expensive art film ever made" because of its $60 million budget. They wanted the film to be funnier and less dramatic.[1] Weir also shared this vision, feeling that Niccol's script was too dark, and declaring "where he [Niccol] had it depressing, I could make it light. It could convince audiences they could watch a show in this scope 24/7." Niccol wrote sixteen drafts of the script before Weir considered the script ready for filming. Later on in 1995, Jim Carrey signed to star,[5] but because of commitments with The Cable Guy and Liar Liar, he would not be ready to start filming for at least another year.[1] Weir felt Carrey was perfect for the role and opted to wait for another year rather than recast the role.[5] Niccol rewrote the script twelve times,[1] while Weir created a fictionalized book about the show's history. He envisioned backstories for the characters and encouraged actors to do the same.[5]

Weir scouted locations in Eastern Florida but was unsatisfied with the landscapes. Sound stages at Universal Studios were reserved for the story's setting of Seahaven before Weir's wife introduced him to Seaside, Florida, a master-planned community located in the Florida Panhandle. Pre-production offices were instantly opened in Seaside, where the majority of filming took place. Other scenes were shot at Paramount Studios in Los Angeles, California.[4] Norman Rockwell paintings and 1960s postcards were used as inspiration for the film's design.[11][12] Weir, Peter Biziou and Dennis Gassner researched surveillance techniques for certain shots.[11]

Weir saw The Truman Show as a chance to use the long-abandoned silent-era cinematic technique of vignetting the edges of the frame to emphasize the center. The overall look was influenced by television images, particularly commercials: Many shots have characters leaning into the lens with their eyeballs wide open, and the interior scenes are heavily lit, because Weir wanted to remind viewers that "in this world, everything was for sale."[11] Those involved in visual effects work found the film somewhat difficult to make, because 1997 was the year many visual effects companies were trying to convert to computer-generated imagery.[12] CGI was used to create the upper halves of some of the larger buildings in the film's downtown set. Craig Barron, one of the effects supervisors, said that these digital models did not have to look as detailed and weathered as they normally would in a film because of the artificial look of the entire town, although they did imitate slight blemishes found in the physical buildings.[13]

Soundtrack

The Truman Show
Soundtrack by Burkhard Dallwitz and Philip Glass
Released June 2, 1998
Genre Soundtrack
Length 56:32
Label Milan Records
Professional reviews

The original music for The Truman Show was composed by Burkhard Dallwitz. Dallwitz was hired after Peter Weir received a tape of his work while in Australia for the post-production.[14] Some parts of the soundtrack were composed by Philip Glass, including four pieces which appeared in his previous works (Powaqqatsi, Anima Mundi, and Mishima, the opening movement from the latter of which appears over the end credits in The Truman Show). Glass also appears very briefly in the film as one of the in-studio composer/performers.

Also featured in the film are Frederic Chopin's "Romance-Larghetto" from his first piano concerto, performed by Arthur Rubinstein, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's "Rondo Alla Turca" from his Piano Sonata No. 11 in A Major, performed by Wilhelm Kempff, Wojciech Kilar's "Father Kolbe's Preaching" performed by the Orchestra Philharmonique National de Pologne and "20th Century Boy" performed by rockabilly band The Big Six.

Themes

Religious analogy

Benson Y. Parkinson of the Association for Mormon Letters noted that Christof represented Jesus as an "off-Christ" ("Christ-off") or Antichrist, comparing the megalomaniacal Hollywood producer to Lucifer.[15] The conversation between Truman and Marlon at the bridge can be compared to one between Moses and God in the Bible.[16]

However, the name Christof may be meant to suggest a sort of rip-off of Christ, showing the design that God originally desired for the world, in the case of the garden of Eden, where all creatures (except Adam and Eve) lacked free will and followed a perfect, synchronized order. Sylvia is a possible representation of Eve, since she had the strongest effect on tainting Truman's utopia.

In C.S. Lewis and Narnia for Dummies by Richard Wagner, Christof is compared with Screwtape, the eponymous character of The Screwtape Letters by C. S. Lewis.[17] In this example, Christof manipulates Truman for his own personal ends, much as Screwtape instructs his nephew Wormwood to manipulate his patient. Screwtape instructs Wormwood that he "should be guarding him like the apple of your eye."[18] Similarly, one of the workers in the control room wears a T-shirt that reads, "love him, protect him." Finally, both Truman and the patient leave the world: Truman by walking through a door and the patient by dying. Screwtape described the action in the book by saying, "He got through so easily! Sheer, instantaneous liberation."[18]

Media

"This was a dangerous film to make because it couldn't happen. How ironic."

Director Peter Weir on The Truman Show predicting the rise of reality television[4]

In 2008, Popular Mechanics named The Truman Show as one of the 10 most prophetic science fiction films. Journalist Erik Sofge argued that the story reflects the falseness of reality television. "Truman simply lives, and the show's popularity is its straightforward voyeurism. And, like Big Brother, Survivor, and every other reality show on the air, none of his environment is actually real." He deemed it an eerie coincidence that Big Brother made its debut a year after the film's release, and he also compared the film to the 2003 program The Joe Schmo Show: "Unlike Truman, Matt Gould could see the cameras, but all of the other contestants were paid actors, playing the part of various reality-show stereotypes. While Matt eventually got all of the prizes in the rigged contest, the show's central running joke was in the same existential ballpark as The Truman Show."[19] Weir declared, "There has always been this question: Is the audience getting dumber? Or are we filmmakers patronizing them? Is this what they want? Or is this what we're giving them? But the public went to my film in large numbers. And that has to be encouraging."[7]

Ronald Bishop of Sage Journals Online thought The Truman Show showcased the power of the media. Truman's life inspires audiences around the world, meaning their lives are controlled by his. Bishop commented, "In the end, the power of the media is affirmed rather than challenged. In the spirit of Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony, these films and television programs co-opt our enchantment (and disenchantment) with the media and sell it back to us."[20]

Psychological interpretation

An essay published in the International Journal of Psychoanalysis analyzed Truman as "a prototypical adolescent at the beginning of the movie. He feels trapped into a familial and social world to which he tries to conform while being unable to entirely identify with it, believing that he has no other choice (other than through the fantasy of fleeing to a far-way island). Eventually, Truman gains sufficient awareness of his condition to "leave home" — developing a more mature and authentic identity as a man, leaving his child-self behind and becoming a True-man."[21]

Utopia

Parallels can be drawn from Thomas More's 1516 book Utopia, in which More describes an island with only one entrance and only one exit. Only those who belonged to this island knew how to navigate their way through the treacherous openings safely and unharmed. This situation is similar to The Truman Show because there are limited entryways into the world that Truman knows. Truman does not belong to this utopia into which he has been implanted, and childhood trauma rendered him frightened of the prospect of ever leaving this small community. Utopian models of the past tended to be full of like-minded individuals who shared much in common, comparable to More's Utopia and real-life groups such as the Shakers and the Oneida Community.[22] It is clear that the people in Truman's world are like-minded in their common effort to keep him oblivious to reality. The suburban "picket fence" appearance of the show's set is reminiscent of the "American Dream" of the 1950s. The "American Dream" concept in Truman's world serves to keep him happy and ignorant.[22]

Release

Reaction

The Truman Show's original theatrical release date was August 8, 1998, but Paramount Pictures considered pushing it back to around Christmas.[23] NBC purchased broadcast rights in December 1997, roughly eight months before the film's release.[24] In March 2000, Turner Broadcasting System purchased the rights and now often airs the film on TBS.[25]

The film opened in the United States on June 5, 1998, and earned $31,542,121 in its opening weekend. It became a financial success that grossed a total of $264,118,201 ($125,618,201 in North America and $138,500,000 in foreign countries).[26] The Truman Show was the eleventh-highest grossing film of 1998.[27]

The film also received critical acclaim. Based on 96 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, The Truman Show received an average 95% overall approval rating;[28], including a 90% among 20 critics in Rotten Tomatoes' "Top Critics" poll.[29] By comparison, Metacritic gave the film an average score of 90 from the 30 reviews collected.[30] Roger Ebert, comparing it to Forrest Gump, thought the film had a right balance of comedy and drama. He was also impressed with Jim Carrey's dramatic performance.[31] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "The Truman Show is emotionally involving without losing the ability to raise sharp satiric questions as well as get numerous laughs. The rare film that is disturbing despite working beautifully within standard industry norms."[32]

James Berardinelli liked the film's approach of "not being the casual summer blockbuster with special effects," and he likened Carrey's "[charismatic], understated and effective" performance to those of Tom Hanks and James Stewart.[33] Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader wrote, "Undeniably provocative and reasonably entertaining, The Truman Show is one of those high-concept movies whose concept is both clever and dumb."[34] Tom Meek of Film Threat said the film was not funny enough but still found "something rewarding in its quirky demeanor,"[35]

Accolades

At the 71st Academy Awards, The Truman Show was nominated for three categories but did not win any awards. Peter Weir received the nomination for Best Director, while Ed Harris was nominated for Best Supporting Actor and Andrew Niccol was nominated for Best Original Screenplay.[36] Many believed Carrey would be nominated for Best Actor, but he was not.[1] In contrast, the film was an outstanding success at the 56th Golden Globe Awards. Carrey (Best Actor – Motion PictureDrama), Harris (Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture), and Burkhard Dallwitz and Philip Glass (Best Original Score) all won their respective categories. In addition The Truman Show earned a nomination for Best Motion Picture - Drama, and Weir (Director - Motion Picture) and Niccol (Screenplay) also received nominations.[37]

At the 52nd British Academy Film Awards, Weir (Direction), Niccol (Original Screenplay) and Dennis Gassner (Production Design) received awards. In addition, the film was nominated for Best Film and Best Visual Effects. Harris was nominated for Best Supporting Actor, and Peter Biziou was nominated for Best Cinematography.[38] The Truman Show was a success at The Saturn Awards, where it won the Best Fantasy Film and the Best Writing (Niccol). Carrey (Best Actor), Harris (Best Supporting Actor) and Weir (Direction) also received nominations.[39] Finally, the film won speculative fiction's Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.[40]

"The Truman Show Delusion"

Joel Gold, a psychiatrist at the Bellevue Hospital Center, revealed that by 2008, he had met five patients with schizophrenia (and heard of another twelve) who believed their lives were reality television shows. Gold named the syndrome "The Truman Show Delusion" after the film and attributed the delusion to a world that had become hungry for publicity. Gold stated that some patients were rendered happy by their disease, while "others were tormented. One traveled to New York to check whether the World Trade Center had actually fallen — believing 9/11 to be an elaborate plot twist in his personal storyline. Another came to climb the Statue of Liberty, believing that he'd be reunited with his high-school girlfriend at the top and finally be released from the show.'"[41]

In August 2008, the British Journal of Psychiatry reported similar cases in the United Kingdom.[42] The delusion has informally been referred to as "Truman syndrome," according to an Associated Press story from 2008.[43]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Svetkey, Benjamin (1998-06-05). "The Truman Pro". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,283442,00.html. Retrieved 2008-03-16. 
  2. ↑ Weinraub, Bernard (1998-05-21). "Director Tries a Fantasy As He Questions Reality". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01E0D71539F932A15756C0A96E958260. Retrieved 2008-04-01. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Busch, Anita M. (1997-04-07). "New Truman villain: Harris". Variety. http://www.variety.com/vstory/VR1117435072.html?categoryid=38&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 (DVD) How's It Going to End? The Making of The Truman Show, Part 2. Paramount Pictures. 2005. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 (DVD) How's It Going to End? The Making of The Truman Show, Part 1. Paramount Pictures. 2005. 
  6. ↑ Benedict Carver (1998-06-22). "'Truman' suit retort". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117477740. Retrieved 2009-05-15. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Johnston, Sheila (1998-09-20). "Interview: The clevering-up of America". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/interview-the-cleveringup-of-america-1199351.html. Retrieved 2008-04-01. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Fleming, Michael (1994-03-10). "SNL's Farley crashes filmdom". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR119056.html?categoryid=3&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
  9. ↑ Fleming, Michael (1994-02-18). "TriStar acquires female bounty hunter project". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR118435.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&query=%22The+Truman+Show%22. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
  10. ↑ Blackwelder, Rob (2002-08-12). "S1M0NE'S SIRE". Spliced Wire. http://www.splicedonline.com/02features/aniccol.html. Retrieved 2008-03-28. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Rudolph, Eric (June 1998). "This is Your Life". American Cinematographer. http://www.theasc.com/protect/jun98/life/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-01. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 (DVD) Faux Finishing, the Visual Effects of The Truman Show. Paramount Pictures. 2005. 
  13. ↑ Rickitt, Richard (2000). Special Effects: The History and Technique. Billboard Books. pp. 207–208. ISBN 0-8230-7733-0. 
  14. ↑ "Burkhard Dallwitz". Australian Musician. Autumn 1999. http://web.archive.org/web/19991007023953/http://www.australianmusic.asn.au/mag/autumn99/burkhard.html. Retrieved 2008-04-09. 
  15. ↑ Benson Y. Parkinson. "The Truman Show (film)". http://www.aml-online.org/Reviews/Review.aspx?id=3208. Retrieved 2010-01-10. 
  16. ↑ Parkinson, Benson (2003-09-19). "The Literary Combine: Intimations of Immortality on The Truman Show". Association for Mormon Letters. http://www.aml-online.org/reviews/b/B199873.html. Retrieved 2008-03-25. 
  17. ↑ Wagner, Richard (2005). C.S. Lewis and Narnia for Dummies. pp. 179. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Lewis, C.S. (1942). The Screwtape Letters. 
  19. ↑ Sofge, Erik (2008-03-28). "The 10 Most Prophetic Sci-Fi Movies Ever". Popular Mechanics. http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/reviews/4256186.html?page=7. Retrieved 2008-03-31. 
  20. ↑ Bishop, Ronald (2000-06-18). "Good Afternoon, Good Evening, and Good Night: The Truman Show as Media Criticism". Sage Journals Online. http://jci.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/24/1/6. Retrieved 2008-03-26. 
  21. ↑ Brearley M, Sabbadini A. (2008). "The Truman Show : How's it going to end?". International Journal of Psychoanalysis 89 (2): 433–40. doi:10.1111/j.1745-8315.2008.00030.x. PMID 18405297. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Beuka, Robert. SuburbiaNation: Reading Suburban Landscape in Twentieth Century American Fiction and Film. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004. ix-284.
  23. ↑ Hindes, Andrew (1997-04-10). "Speed 2 shifted in sked scramble". Variety. http://www.variety.com/vstory/VR1117435175.html?categoryid=38&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
  24. ↑ Hontz, Jenny (1997-12-18). "Peacock buys Par pic pack". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR111786719.html. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
  25. ↑ "Turner Broadcasting Acquires Runaway Bride, Deep Impact, The Truman Show, Forrest Gump and Others in Film Deal With Paramount". Business Wire. 2000-03-06. 
  26. ↑ "The Truman Show". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=trumanshow.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-16. 
  27. ↑ "1998 Yearly Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=1998&p=.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-16. 
  28. ↑ "The Truman Show". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/truman_show/. Retrieved 2008-03-16. 
  29. ↑ "The Truman Show: Rotten Tomatoes' Top Critics". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/truman_show/?critic=creamcrop. Retrieved 2008-03-16. 
  30. ↑ "Truman Show, The (1998): Reviews". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/trumanshow?q=The%20Truman%20Show. Retrieved 2008-03-16. 
  31. ↑ Ebert, Roger (1998-06-05). "The Truman Show". RogerEbert.com. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19980605/REVIEWS/806050302/1023. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  32. ↑ Turna, Kenneth (1998-06-05). "The Truman Show". Los Angeles Times. http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/cl-movie980623-6,0,6333826.story. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  33. ↑ Berardinelli, James (1998-06-05]). "The Truman Show". ReelViews. http://www.reelviews.net/movies/t/truman.html. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  34. ↑ Rosenbaum, Jonathan. "The Audience Is Us". Chicago Reader. http://www.chicagoreader.com/movies/archives/1998/0698/06058.html. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  35. ↑ Meek, Tom. "The Truman Show". Film Threat. http://www.filmthreat.com/index.php?section=reviews&Id=1057. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  36. ↑ "Academy Awards: 1999". Internet Movie Database. http://imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Academy_Awards_USA/1999. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  37. ↑ "Golden Globes: 1999". Internet Movie Database. http://imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Golden_Globes_USA/1999. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  38. ↑ "BAFTA Awards: 1999". Internet Movie Database. http://imdb.com/Sections/Awards/BAFTA_Awards/1999. Retrieved 2008-03-22. 
  39. ↑ "Saturn Awards: 1999". Internet Movie Database. http://imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Academy_of_Science_Fiction_Fantasy_And_Horror_Films_USA/1999. Retrieved 2008-03-22. 
  40. ↑ "Hugo Awards: 1999". Internet Movie Database. http://imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Hugo_Awards/1999. Retrieved 2008-03-22. 
  41. ↑ Ellison, Jesse (2008-08-02). "When Life Is Like a TV Show". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/150492?tid=relatedcl. Retrieved 2008-08-20. 
  42. ↑ Fusar-Poli, P.; Howes, O.; Valmaggia, L.; McGuire, P. (2008). "'Truman' signs and vulnerability to psychosis". Br J Psychiatry 2008 (193): 168. doi:10.1192/bjp.193.2.168. PMID 18670010. http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/193/2/168. 
  43. ↑ Kershaw, Sarah (2008-08-27). "Look Closely, Doctor: See the Camera?". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/28/fashion/28truman.html?_r=1. Retrieved 2009-01-08. 

External links

Films directed by Peter Weir
1970s
The Cars That Ate Paris (1974) • Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) • The Last Wave (1977) • The Plumber (1979)
1980s
Gallipoli (1981) • The Year of Living Dangerously (1983) • Witness (1985) • The Mosquito Coast (1986) • Dead Poets Society (1989)
1990s
Green Card (1990) • Fearless (1993) • The Truman Show (1998)
2000s
2010s
The Way Back (2010)