Triple jump
The triple jump (sometimes referred to as the hop, step and jump or the hop, skip and jump) is a track and field sport, similar to the long jump, but involving a “hop, step and jump” routine, whereby the competitor runs down the track and performs a hop, a step and then a jump into the sand pit.
The triple jump has its origins in the Ancient Olympics and has been a modern Olympics event since the Games’ inception in 1896.
The current male and female world record holders are Jonathan Edwards of Great Britain, with a jump of 18.29 metres (60.0 ft), and Inessa Kravets of Ukraine, with a jump of 15.50 m (50 ft. 10.25 in.).
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History
The triple jump, or at least a variant involving three jumps one after the other, has its roots in the Ancient Greek Olympics, with records showing athletes attaining distances of more than 50 feet (15.24 m).[1]
In Irish mythology the geal-ruith (triple jump), was an event contested in the ancient Irish Tailteann Games as early as 1829 B.C.[2]
The triple jump was a part of the inaugural 1896 Olympics in Athens, although back then it consisted of two hops on the same foot and then a jump. In fact, the first modern Olympic champion, James Connolly, was a triple jumper. Early Olympics also included the standing triple jump, although this has since been removed from the Olympic program and is rarely performed in competition today. The women’s triple jump was introduced into the Atlanta Olympics in 1996.
Technique
The athlete sprints down a runway until they reach a takeoff mark, from which the jump is measured. The takeoff mark is a board which is commonly implemented as a physical piece of wood or similar material embedded in the runway, or a rectangle painted on the runway surface. In modern championships a strip of plasticine, tape, or modeling clay is attached to the board to record athletes overstepping or "scratching" the mark, defined by the trailing edge of the board. There are three phases of the triple jump, articulated in the original event name: the "hop" phase, the "step" phase, and the "jump" phase. These three phases are executed in one continuous sequence.
The hop starts with the athlete jumping from the mark on his/her takeoff leg, and ends landing heel first on the runway with the takeoff leg. The hop appears to be more of a "cycling" movement. The objective is to hop out as opposed to up. In the step, the athlete immediately jumps with the takeoff leg and lands on the runway with the opposite leg. The objective of the step is to cover as much runway as possible so one is as close to the pit as possible for the next phase. The step is followed by the jump, where the athlete jumps from that same non-takeoff leg and lands in a sand-filled pit. The jump phase is very similar to the long jump. In the long jump process, an athlete must hit the mark with his/her take off leg bringing the opposite leg bent and straight up;both legs must come in front of the athlete when landing inside the sand-filled pit.
Every phase of the triple jump should get progressively higher. However, in both events if the athlete's takeoff foot lands in front of the board then,the athlete fouls. A "foul", also known as a "scratch" or missed jump, occurs when a jumper oversteps the takeoff mark, misses the pit entirely, does not use the correct foot sequences throughout the phases, or does not perform the attempt in the allotted amount of time (usually about one minute). When a jumper "scratches," the seated official will raise a red flag and the jumper who was "on deck," or up next, prepares to jump. To record a "scratch," a video camera is commonly used to avoid confusion and unfair calls. Triple jump is also involved in pre-school track-and-fields.
Records
Outdoor
| Area | Men's | Women's | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark (m) | Athlete | Mark (m) | Athlete | |
| World | 18.29 |  Jonathan Edwards (GBR) |
15.50 |  Inessa Kravets (UKR) |
| Continental records | ||||
| Africa | 17.37 |  Tarik Bouguetaïb (MAR) |
15.39 |  Françoise Mbango Etone (CMR) |
| Asia | 17.59 |  Yanxi Li (CHN) |
15.11 |  Olga Rypakova (KAZ) |
| Europe | 18.29 | Jonathan Edwards (GBR) |
15.50 | Inessa Kravets (UKR) |
| North, Central America and Caribbean |
18.09 |  Kenny Harrison (USA) |
15.29 |  Yamilé Aldama (CUB) |
| Oceania | 17.46 |  Ken Lorraway (AUS) |
14.04 | Nicole Mladenis (AUS) |
| South America | 17.90 |  Jadel Gregório (BRA) |
14.57 | Keila Costa (BRA) |
- Updated 19 June 2010.[3]
Top ten performers
Accurate as of June 12, 2010.
Men
NB: These are the top 10 performers of all time, not the top 10 performances. Other legal jumps by people on this list that would exceed the shortest jump on this list are noted below the table.
| Mark | Wind | Athlete | Venue | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.29 1 | 1.3 | Jonathan Edwards (GBR) |
Gothenburg | August 7, 1995 |
| 18.09 2 | -0.4 | Kenny Harrison (USA) |
Atlanta | July 27, 1996 |
| 17.98 | 1.2 |  Teddy Tamgho (FRA) |
New York City | June 12, 2010 |
| 17.97 | 1.5 | Willie Banks (USA) |
Indianapolis | June 16, 1985 |
| 17.92 | 1.6 | .svg.png){kind=small} Khristo Markov (BUL) |
Rome | August 31, 1987 |
| 17.92 | 1.9 |  James Beckford (JAM) |
Odessa | May 20, 1995 |
| 17.90 | 0.4 | Jadel Gregório (BRA) |
Belém | May 20, 2007 |
| 17.90 | 1.0 | Vladimir Inozemtsev (UKR) |
Bratislava | June 20, 1990 |
| 17.89 | 0.0 | João Carlos de Oliveira (BRA) |
Mexico City | October 15, 1975 |
| 17.87 3 | 1.7 | Mike Conley (USA) |
San Jose | June 26, 1987 |
- 1 Edwards also has legal jumps of 18.16, 18.01, 18.00, 17.99, 17.98, 17.92, 17.88 and 17.86 m. As of October 2008, he has six of the top 11 jumps of all time. The longest wind aided jump of 18.43(+2.4) was also performed by Edwards.
- 2 Harrison also has legal jumps of 17.99 m and 17.93 m.
- 3 Conley also has a legal jump of 17.86 m and wind aided jump of 18.17 (+2.1) in Olympic Games Barcelona 92
Women
NB: Again, these are the top 10 performers of all time, not the top 10 performances.
| Mark | Wind | Athlete | Venue | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15.50 1 | 1.9 | Inessa Kravets (UKR) |
Gothenburg | August 10, 1995 |
| 15.39 2 | 0.5 | Françoise Mbango Etone (CMR) |
Beijing | August 17, 2008 |
| 15.34 3 | -0.5 |  Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) |
Heraklion | July 4, 2004 |
| 15.32 4 | 0.9 |  Hrysopiyi Devetzi (GRE) |
Athens | August 21, 2004 |
| 15.29 5 | 0.3 | Yamilé Aldama (CUB) |
Rome | July 11, 2003 |
| 15.28 | 0.9 | Yargelis Savigne (CUB) |
Osaka | August 31, 2007 |
| 15.20 | 0.0 |  Šárka Kašpárková (CZE) |
Athens | August 4, 1997 |
| 15.20 | -0.3 |  Tereza Marinova (BUL) |
Sydney | September 24, 2000 |
| 15.18 | 0.3 | Iva Prandzheva (BUL) |
Gothenburg | August 10, 1995 |
| 15.16 | 0.1 |  Rodica Mateescu (ROM) |
Athens | August 4, 1997 |
- 1 Kravets also has a legal jump of 15.33 m.
- 2 Mbango Etone also has legal jumps of 15.30 and 15.19 m.
- 3 Lebedeva also has legal jumps of 15.33, 15.32, 15.25, 15.23, 15.17 and 15.18 m.
- 4 Devetzi also has legal jumps of 15.25, 15.23 and 15,22 m.
- 5 Aldama also has legal jumps of 15.28, 15.27 and 15.21 m.
Best year performance
Men's season's best
| Year | Distance (m) | Athlete | Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 17.34 |  Viktor Saneyev (URS) |
Suhumi |
| 1971 | 17.40 | Pedro Pérez (CUB) |
Cali |
| 1972 | 17.44 | Viktor Saneyev (URS) |
Suhumi |
| 1973 | 17.20 | Mikhail Bariban (URS) |
Moscow |
| 1974 | 17.23 | Viktor Saneyev (URS) |
Rome |
| 1975 | 17.89 | João Carlos de Oliveira (BRA) |
Mexico City |
| 1976 | 17.38 | João Carlos de Oliveira (BRA) |
Rio de Janeiro |
| 1977 | 17.19 | Ron Livers (USA) |
Sochi |
| 1978 | 17.44 | João Carlos de Oliveira (BRA) |
Bratislava |
| 1979 | 17.27 | João Carlos de Oliveira (BRA) |
San Juan |
| 1980 | 17.35 | Jaak Uudmäe (URS) |
Moscow |
| 1981 | 17.56 | Willie Banks (USA) |
Sacramento |
| 1982 | 17.57 | Keith Connor (GBR) |
Provo |
| 1983 | 17.55 | Vasiliy Grishchenkov (URS) |
Moscow |
| 1984 | 17.46 | Oleg Protsenko (URS) |
Moscow |
| 1985 | 17.97 | Willie Banks (USA) |
Indianapolis |
| 1986 | 17.80 | Khristo Markov (BUL) |
Budapest |
| 1987 | 17.92 | Khristo Markov (BUL) |
Rome |
| 1988 | 17.77 | Khristo Markov (BUL) |
Sofia |
| 1989 | 17.62 | Vladimir Inozemtsev (URS) |
Gorkiy |
| 1990 | 17.93 | Kenny Harrison (USA) |
Stockholm |
| 1991 | 17.78 | Kenny Harrison (USA) |
Tokyo |
| 1992 | 17.72 | Mike Conley (USA) |
Zürich |
| 1993 | 17.86 | Mike Conley (USA) |
Stuttgart |
| 1994 | 17.68 | Mike Conley (USA) |
Paris |
| 1995 | 18.29 | Jonathan Edwards (GBR) |
Gothenburg |
| 1996 | 18.09 | Kenny Harrison (USA) |
Atlanta |
| 1997 | 17.85 | Yoelbi Quesada (CUB) |
Athens |
| 1998 | 18.01 | Jonathan Edwards (GBR) |
Oslo |
| 1999 | 17.59 |  Charles Friedek (GER) |
Seville |
| 2000 | 17.71 | Jonathan Edwards (GBR) |
Sydney |
| 2001 | 17.92 | Jonathan Edwards (GBR) |
Edmonton |
| 2002 | 17.86 | Jonathan Edwards (GBR) |
Manchester |
| 2003 | 17.77 |  Christian Olsson (SWE) |
Haina |
| 2004 | 17.79 | Christian Olsson (SWE) |
Athens |
| 2005 | 17.81 | Marian Oprea (ROM) |
Lausanne |
| 2006 | 17.71 | Walter Davis (USA) |
Indianapolis |
| 2007 | 17.90 | Jadel Gregório (BRA) |
Belém |
| 2008 | 17.67 |  Nelson Évora (POR) |
Beijing |
| 2009 | 17.81 | Phillips Idowu (GBR) |
Barcelona |
Women's seasons best
| Year | Distance (m) | Athlete | Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1986 | 13.68 | Esmeralda García (BRA) |
Indianapolis |
| 1987 | 14.04 | Li Huirong (CHN) |
Hamamatsu |
| 1988 | 14.16 | Li Huirong (CHN) |
Shijiazhuang |
| 1989 | 14.52 | Galina Chistyakova (URS) |
Stockholm |
| 1990 | 14.54 | Li Huirong (CHN) |
Sapporo |
| 1991 | 14.95 | Inessa Kravets (URS) |
Moscow |
| 1992 | 14.62 | Galina Chistyakova (RUS) |
Villeneuve d'Ascq |
| 1993 | 15.09 | Anna Biryukova (RUS) |
Stuttgart |
| 1994 | 14.98 | Sofiya Bozhanova (BUL) |
Stara Zagora |
| 1995 | 15.50 | Inessa Kravets (UKR) |
Atlanta |
| 1996 | 15.33 | Inessa Kravets (UKR) |
Sacramento |
| 1997 | 15.20 | Šárka Kašpárková (CZE) |
Athens |
| 1998 | 15.12 | Iva Prandzheva (BUL) |
Tokyo |
| 1999 | 15.07 | Paraskevi Tsiamita (GRE) |
Seville |
| 2000 | 15.32 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) |
Yokohama |
| 2001 | 15.25 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) |
Edmonton |
| 2002 | 14.95 | Françoise Mbango Etone (CMR) |
Radès |
| 2003 | 15.29 | Yamilé Aldama (CUB) |
Rome |
| 2004 | 15.34 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) |
Iraklion |
| 2005 | 15.11 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) Trecia Smith (JAM) |
Paris Helsinki |
| 2006 | 15.23 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) |
Athens |
| 2007 | 15.28 | Yargelis Savigne (CUB) |
Osaka |
| 2008 | 15.39 | Françoise Mbango Etone (CMR) |
Beijing |
| 2009 | 15.14 | Nadezhda Alekhina (RUS) |
Cheboksary |
Other famous triple jumpers
- Ashia Hansen
- Vilho Tuulos
- Aliecer Urrutia
- Marija Sestak
- Adhemar da Silva
- Nelson Prudêncio
References
- ↑ http://trackandfield.about.com/od/triplejump/ss/illustriplejump.htm,
- ↑ Dunardy.net, ...contained in the Irish "Book of Leinster", which was written in the twelfth century AD...this book describes the Tailteann Games held at Telltown, County Meath from 1829 BC until at least 554 BC...included in these events...were the geal-ruith (triple jump).
- ↑ Triple Jump Records. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-06-19.
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