Cherkasy
| Cherkasy Черкаси |
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  Cherkasy
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| Coordinates: | |||
| Country Oblast Raion |
Ukraine Cherkasy Oblast Cherkasky Raion |
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| First mentioned | 1286 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Serhiy Olehovych Odarych | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 78 km2 (30.1 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 94 m (308 ft) | ||
| Population (06-01-2010) | |||
| - Total | 285 526 | ||
| - Density | 3,740/km2 (9,686.6/sq mi) | ||
| Postal code | 18000-499 | ||
| Area code(s) | +380 472 | ||
| Sister cities | Bydgoszcz, Santa Rosa | ||
| Website | www.rada.cherkassy.ua | ||
Cherkasy (Ukrainian: Черкаси, transliterated: Čerkasy, pronounced [tʃerˈkɑsɪ]) is a city in central Ukraine. It is the capital of the Cherkasy Oblast (province), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Cherkasky Raion (district) within the oblast. The city itself is also designated as its own separate raion within the oblast.
The city is cultural, educational and industrial center of Cherkasy Oblast and Central Economical Region of Ukraine. Cherkasy is famous since 13th century and played a great role in history of Ukraine. Cherkasy was the center of Cossacks, citizens took part in Khmelnychchyna and Koliyivschyna (cossacks and peasants rebellions).
The city is located on the right bank of Dnieper River (specifically at the Kremenchuk Reservoir), about 200 km (124 mi) south of the nation's capital, Kiev. The city is divided into 2 parts (raions) - Sosnivskiy (with Orshanets village) and Pridniprovskiy. The current population of Cherkasy is 285,526 (as of 2010).
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Geography
Location
Cherkasy is situated on the high right bank of the Dnipro River, exactly - in the middle of Kremenchuk Reservoir. Relief of the historical part of the city was influenced by Zamkova (Castle) mountain, where Cherkasy Fortress was situated. Still, the major part of Cherkasy is located in lowlands.
The city area as of 2010 is 69 km², it is 17 kilometers long and just 8 km width.
From the North-West Cherkasy is surrounded by forest - Cherkaskiy Bir (Cherkassy Forest), which is the biggest (28,500 hectares) natural pine forest in Ukraine.
Climate
Climate of Cherkasy is mild continental with mild winters and warm (last time - hot) summers[1].
Average temperature in the city - +7,7 °C. Winters are usually cold and snowy (average January temperature - -5,9 °C), but last winters are rather warm with rare severe frosts (up to -25 °C). Summers are dry and warm ( average temperature in July - +19,8 °C), with occasional jumps of temperature up to +35 °C.
Demographics
According to the newest data, the number of inhabitants of Cherkasy is 285,526 as of June, 1 2010. This number is decreasing because of raising of mortality rate, socio-economical situation and suburbanisation in the region.
This diagram shows us changes in population of Cherkasy: 
The majority of citizens are Ukrainians, great parts are Russians and Jews. 46,4% are males, 53,6% are females[2]. According to the data provided by municipal health care department, teens under 14 are 15% of all people while pensioners are 19%, this indicates on the process of aging.
History
Beginning
History of Cherkasy is not explored enough. This can be explained by the fact that the city was forming under the Russian (and later - USSR) rule, that's why some periods in the life of Cherkasy still remain undiscovered ( a lot of facts were hidden, documents and material proofs were destroyed). There are few facts about the beginning of city's life, but it is a fact that Cherkasy existed in 14th century, thus it was one of the centers of Cossack movement. Citizens took part in Khmelnychchyna and Koliyivschyna. The city was very influenced by cruel social and economical experiments of soviet authorities and The Second World War. In 1954 Cherkasy became the administrative center of Cherkasy Oblast (province), the youngest oblast of Ukraine.
The first record about Cherkasy was made in 1305 and was found in Gustynskiy Chronicle, which is the Ukrainian chronicle. The city is mentioned as existing city among other Ukrainian cities - Kyiv, Kaniv, Zhytomyr and Ovruch.
Under Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Starting from 1360s, the city enters a new period in it's development - it becomes a part of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Since that, Cherkasy becomes important defender of Southern borders. In 1384 the city is mentioned as fortified town on the South edge (of Grand Duchy of Lithuania), along with Vinnitsa, Bratslav and Kanev making defensive line from Crimean Tatars. The city started to be ruled by headman (starosta).
During the end of XV - beginning of XVI centuries the post of Cherkasy headman was held by the prominent persons of that time - Bogdan Glinskiy, Kmyta Oleksandrovych, Vasyl Dashkevych, Andriy Nemyrovych, Ostafiy Dashkevych, Vasyl Tyshkevych, Dmytro Baida-Vyshnevetskiy etc.
During XV-XVI centuries Cherkasy was one of the main centers that helped Cossacks in population of Ukrainian South. Citizens took part in military marches against Tatars and Turkish, including operations led by Ivan Pidkova. New Cherkasy Castle was the center of city life, it was built in 1549-52 on the place of the old one.
Under Polish rule, Khmelnytsky Uprising
After Union of Lublin in 1569 Cherkasy became a part of Poland. Cherkasy Regiment, which was created in 1625, played a big role in history of the city. During War for Independence regiment became administrative-territorial subdivision (until 1686). During that time Cherkasy Regiment was one of the most powerful military units and took part in all battles of Bohdan Khmelnytsky army.
Elimination of Polish rule gave very good results in city's development. But after several unsuccessful Cossack attacks against Poland, Bogdan Khmelnytsky had to sign union with Russian Empire. Signing supposed to be held in Cherkasy, but Polish invasion interfered. Diplomats moved to Pereyaslav, where Pereyaslivska Rada was held.
Sports
- Cherkasy is home to the Ukrainian Second League football team FC Dnipro Cherkasy.
- Cherkasy is home to the basketball club Cherkasky Mavpi Cherkasy (a.k.a. the Cherkasy Monkeys).
- Cherkasy is home to the volleyball clubs Krug Cherkasy, Zlatogor Zolotonosha Cherkasy (women) and Impexagro Sport Cherkasy (men) they all play in the European tournaments 2008/2009.
- Cherkasy is represented within Ukrainian Bandy and Rink-bandy Federation.[3]
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Cherkasy is twinned with:
 Main street in Cherkasy around 1910. |
 Former building of the Slovyanskyi Hotel, now a bank. |
 The Cherkasy Philharmonic. |
 Statue of Lenin in front of an official building downtown. It was removed on November 28, 2008. |
Educational institutions
Cherkasy is home to the Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University (named after Bohdan Khmelnytsky), the Cherkasy State Business College, the East European University of Economics and Management, the Cherkasy State Technological University, Cherkasy Banking Institute of Banking University of the National Bank of Ukraine.
References
- (Ukrainian) (1972) Icтopiя мicт i ciл Укpaїнcькoї РCP - Черкаськa область (History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR - Cherkasy Oblast), Kiev.
External links
- (English)/(Ukrainian)/(Russian) Official city portal
- (English) Cherkasy guide
- (English)/(Ukrainian)/(Russian) Unofficial info portal
- http://www.gorod.ck.ua/
- http://www.ckrada.com
- (English)/(Ukrainian)/(Russian) Phone numbers book of Cherkassy
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