Yogyakarta
| Special Region of Yogyakarta Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta |
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| — Province — | |||
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| Motto: Memayu Hayuning Bawono (Javanese) (The Vision to Perfect Society) written in Javanese script |
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| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Indonesia | ||
| Capital | Yogyakarta (city) | ||
| Government | |||
| - Governor | Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 3,185.80 km2 (1,230 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2003) | |||
| - Total | 3,121,000 | ||
| - Density | 979.7/km2 (2,537.3/sq mi) | ||
| Demographics | |||
| - Ethnic groups | Javanese (99%), Sundanese (1%) [1] | ||
| - Religion | Islam (91.4%), Christianity (8.3%), Hinduism (0.2%), Buddhism (0.2%)[2] | ||
| - Languages | Indonesian (official), Javanese | ||
| Time zone | WIB (UTC+7) | ||
| Website | www.pemda-diy.go.id | ||
The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), on the island of Java is the smallest province of Indonesia (excluding the capital Jakarta). Yogyakarta is the only province in Indonesia that is still governed by that area's pre-colonial monarchy; the Sultan of Yogyakarta serves as the hereditary governor of the province. In Javanese it is pronounced [joɡjaˈkartɔ]. The city of Yogyakarta is the capital of the province.
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History
The Yogyakarta Sultanate was formed in 1755 by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) through the Treaty of Giyanti. The treaty split the Sultanate of Mataram into the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat with Yogyakarta as the capital and the Sultanate of Surakarta Hadiningrat with Surakarta (now commonly known as Solo) as the capital. The Sultan Hamengkubuwono I spent the next 37 years building the new capital of Yogyakarta, with the Kraton as the centerpiece and the court at Surakarta as the blueprint model. By the time he died in 1792, his territory exceeded Surakarta's. In September 1945, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII, both of Yogyakarta, declared their sultanates part of the Republic of Indonesia following the Republic’s declaration of independence at the end of World War II. When the Dutch reoccupied Jakarta during the ensuing struggle to secure independence, the capital of the Republic was moved to Yogyakarta from January 1946 to August 1950. In return for this support, the declaration of Special Authority over Yogyakarta was granted in full in 1950 and the region became its own province within the province of Central Java.
The province was struck by a 6.3-magnitude earthquake on 27 May 2006. It killed 5,782 people and injured approximately 36,000. 600,000 people were left homeless .[3] The region of Bantul suffered the most damage and deaths.
Geography
The province is located on near the south coast Java wholly within the provicne of Central Java. The population in 2003 was estimated at 3,000,000. It has an area of 3,185.80 km2 making it the second-smallest area of the provinces in Indonesia, after the Jakarta Capital Region. Along with surrounding areas in Central Java, it has some of the highest population densities of Java.
Administrative divisions
Yogyakarta province is subdivided into four regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota):
- Bantul Regency (506.86 km2)
- Gunung Kidul Regency (1,485.36 km2)
- Kulon Progo Regency (586.27 km2)
- Sleman Regency (574.82 km2)
- Yogyakarta City (32.5 km2)
Located within the Yogyakarta province, the city of Yogyakarta is known as a center of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry and puppet shows. It is also one of Indonesia's most renowned centers of higher education. At the city's center is the kraton Sultan's palace. While the city sprawls in all directions from the kraton, the core of the modern city is to the north.
Transport
Yogyakarta is served by Adisucipto International Airport. There are two train stations: Lempuyangan and Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta is considered as one of the major hub that links the west-east main railway route in Java island. To the south, in the Bantul region, is the Giwangan bus station, the largest bus station in Indonesia.
The centre of metropolitan Yogyakarta is surrounded by a ring road.
Since 2008, the Province of Yogyakarta launched bus rapid transit system, the Trans Jogja, which connects many places in the province including the airport.[4]
Education
Yogyakarta is home to more than 100 institutions[5] of higher education in Indonesia, the highest number of higher education institutions of any province in Indonesia.
Gadjah Mada University (UGM), one of three leading universities in Indonesia and considered as one of the top universities in Southeast Asia. In 2009, UGM ranked number 250 on Times Higher Education Supplement World University Rankings 2009.[6]
The region is also the home of the first-established private university in Indonesia, the Islamic University of Indonesia, which was founded in 1945, and also the Indonesia Institute of Arts, the first-established university in fine arts. Other large universities include Yogyakarta State University, University of Muhammadiyah in Yogyakarta and Atma Jaya University in Yogyakarta.
Sister relationships
Yogyakarta has signed a sister relationship agreement with city/state:
See also
Notes
- ↑ Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003.
- ↑ http://yogyakarta.kemenag.go.id/index.php?a=artikel&id=8
- ↑ "Indonesia lowers quake death toll". CNN. 2006-06-06. http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/06/05/indonesia.quake/. Retrieved 2006-06-06.
- ↑ Trans Jogja Busway: Yogyakarta, Central Java
- ↑ List of private higher education institutions in the Province of Yogyakarta
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ BILL NUMBER: SCR 23 CHAPTERED
- ↑ Kyoto prefecture List of Friendly and Sister City
References
- Department of Tourism, Post and Telecommunication Regional Office For Yogyakarta Special Region. (1997) Guide To Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Department of Tourism, Post and Telecommunication.
- Ricklefs, M.C. (2001) A history of modern Indonesia since c.1200 (3rd ed.). Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 126–139, 269-271. ISBN 0-8047-4480-7
- Ricklefs, M.C. (1974) Jogjakarta under Sultan Mangkubumi, 1749–1792: A history of the division of Java. London Oriental Series, vol. 30. London : Oxford University Press, (Revised Indonesian edition 2002)
- Soemanto, Bakdi (1992) Cerita Rakyat dari Yogyakarta Jakarta: Grasindo (In Indonesian)
- Soemardjan, S. (1962) Social Changes in Yogyakarta, Ithaca, N.Y. Cornell University Press.
External links
- Yogyakarta travel guide from Wikitravel
- Sochaczewski, Paul Spencer (1994-06-14). "A True Javanese Fairy Tale: The Sultan and the Mermaid". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/1994/06/14/edpaul.php. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
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Provinces of