Commonwealth Games

Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games Federation seal, adopted in 2001

Motto	HUMANITY – EQUALITY – DESTINY
Headquarters	London, United Kingdom
Commonwealth Secretariat	Hon. Michael Fennell OJ, CD
Website	Commonwealth Games Federation

The Commonwealth Games is a multinational, multi-sport event which features competitions involving thousands of elite athletes from members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Organised every four years, they are the third-largest multi-sport event in the world, after the Summer Olympic Games and the Asian Games.

As well as many Olympic sports, the Games also include some sports that are played mainly in Commonwealth countries, such as lawn bowls, rugby sevens and netball.^[1] The Games are overseen by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF), which also controls the sporting programme and selects the host cities. The host city is selected from across the Commonwealth, with eighteen cities in seven countries having hosted it.

The event was first held in 1930 under the title of the British Empire Games in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The event was renamed as the British Empire and Commonwealth Games in 1954, the British Commonwealth Games in 1970, and gained its current title in 1978. Only six teams have attended every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales. Australia has been the highest achieving team for ten games, England for seven and Canada for one.

There are currently 54 members of the Commonwealth of Nations, and 71 teams participate in the Games. The four Home Nations of the United Kingdom – England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland – send separate teams to the Commonwealth Games, and individual teams are also sent from the British Crown dependencies of Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man (unlike at the Olympic Games, where the combined "Great Britain" team represents all four home nations and the Crown dependencies). Many of the British overseas territories also send their own teams. The Australian external territory of Norfolk Island also sends its own team, as do the Cook Islands and Niue, two states in free association with New Zealand. It has been reported that Tokelau, another dependency of New Zealand will be sending a team to the 2010 Games in Delhi, India.

The most recent games were in 2006 in Melbourne, Australia. The next edition will be held in 2010 in Delhi, India.

1 History
2 Traditions
- 2.1 Queen's Baton Relay
- 2.2 Opening and closing ceremonies
3 Editions
4 Approved sports
5 Participation
6 Notable competitors
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
- 9.1 Games sites
- 9.2 Associations

History

Flag of the
British Commonwealth Games

A sporting competition bringing together the members of the British Empire was first proposed by the Reverend Astley Cooper in 1891 when he wrote an article in The Times suggesting a "Pan-Britannic-Pan-Anglican Contest and Festival every four years as a means of increasing the goodwill and good understanding of the British Empire".

In 1911, the Festival of the Empire was held in come London to celebrate the coronation of King George V. As part of the festival an Inter-Empire Championships was held in which teams from Australia, Canada, South Africa and the United Kingdom competed in events such as boxing, wrestling, swimming and athletics.

In 1928, Melville Marks Robinson of Canada was asked to organise the first ever British Empire Games. These were held in Hamilton, Canada two years later.

The first Games were held in 1930 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The name changed to British Empire and Commonwealth Games in 1954, to British Commonwealth Games in 1970 and assumed the current name of the Commonwealth Games in 1978.^[2]

At the 1930 games, women competed in the swimming events only.^[3] From 1934, women also competed in some athletics events.

The Empire Games flag was donated in 1931 by the British Empire Games Association of Canada. The year and location of subsequent games were added until the 1950 games. The name of the event was changed to the British Empire and Commonwealth Games and the flag was retired as a result.

Commonwealth Winter Games
Commonwealth Youth Games

Traditions

Queen's Baton Relay

The 2006 relay passing through Wagga Wagga, Australia

Opening and closing ceremonies

From 1930 until 1950, the parade of nations was led by a single flagbearer carrying the Union Flag.
Since 1958, there has been a relay of athletes carrying a baton from Buckingham Palace to the Opening Ceremony. This baton has within it the Queen's message of greeting to the athletes. The baton's final bearer is usually a famous sporting personage of the host nation.
All other nations march in English alphabetical order, except that the first nation marching in the Parade of Athletes is the host nation of the previous games, and the host nation of the current games marches last. In 2006 countries marched in alphabetical order in geographical regions.
Three national flags fly from the stadium on the poles that are used for medal ceremonies: Previous host nation, Current host nation, Next host nation.
The military is more active in the Opening Ceremony than in the Olympic Games. This is to honour the British Military traditions of the Old Empire

Editions

Locations of the games, and participating countries

      Countries which have hosted, or plan to host, the event
      Other countries which enter the games
      Countries which have entered the games but no longer do so
0•0 Host cities and year of games

The first edition of the event was the 1930 British Empire Games and eleven nations took part. The quadrennial schedule of the games was interrupted by World War II and the 1942 Games (set to be held in Montreal, Canada) were abandoned.^[4] The games were continued in 1950 and underwent a name change four years later with the first British Empire and Commonwealth Games in 1954.^[2] Over 1000 athletes participated in the 1958 Games as over thirty teams took part for the first time.^[5]

The event was briefly known as the British Commonwealth Games for the 1970 and 1974 editions and the 1978 Games, held in Edmonton, Canada, were the first to be held under the title of the "Commonwealth Games".^[2] The Edmonton event marked a new high as almost 1500 athletes from 46 countries took part.^[5]

Participation at the 1986 Games was affected by a boycott by some African and Caribbean nations in protest to the participation of New Zealand, following the All Blacks Rugby tour of Apartheid era South Africa in 1985, but the Games rebounded and continued to grow thereafter. The 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia saw the sporting programme grow from 10 to 15 sports as team sports were allowed for the first time.^[2] Participation also reached new levels as over 3500 athletes represented 70 teams at the event. At the most recent Games (in Melbourne, Australia in 2006), over 4000 athletes took part in sporting competitions.^[5]

The three nations to have hosted the games the most number of times are Australia (4), Canada (4), and New Zealand (3). Furthermore, five editions have taken place in the countries within the United Kingdom. Two cities have held the games on multiple occasions: Auckland (1950 and 1990), and Edinburgh (1970 and 1986).

Games	Year	Host	Dates	Sports	Events	Nations	Competitors			Officials	Ref
Games	Year	Host	Dates	Sports	Events	Nations	Total	Men	Women	Officials	Ref
British Empire Games
I	1930	Hamilton, Canada	16 – 23 August	6	59	11	400	?	?	?
II	1934	London, England,	4 – 11 August	6	68	16	500	?	?	?
III	1938	Sydney, Australia	5 – 12 February	7	71	15	464
IV	1950	Auckland, New Zealand	4 – 11 February	9	88	12	590	495	95
British Empire and Commonwealth Games
V	1954	Vancouver, Canada	30 July – 7 August	9	91	24	662			127
VI	1958	Cardiff, Wales,	18 – 26 July	9	94	36	1122			228
VII	1962	Perth, Australia	22 November – 1 December	9	104	35	863			178
VIII	1966	Kingston, Jamaica	4 – 13 August	9	110	34	1050			266
British Commonwealth Games
IX	1970	Edinburgh, Scotland	16 – 25 July	9	121	42	1383			361
X	1974	Christchurch, New Zealand	24 January – 2 February	9	121	38	1276	977	299	372
Commonwealth Games
XI	1978	Edmonton, Canada	3 – 12 August	10	128	46	1474
XII	1982	Brisbane, Australia	30 September — 9 October	10	142	46	1583
XIII	1986	Edinburgh, Scotland	24 July – 2 August	10	163	26	1662
XIV	1990	Auckland, New Zealand	24 January – 3 February	10	204	55	2073
XV	1994	Victoria, Canada	18 – 28 August	10	217	63	2557
XVI	1998	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	11 – 21 September	15	213	70	3633
XVII	2002	Manchester, England	25 July – 4 August	17¹	281	72	3679
XVIII	2006	Melbourne, Australia	15 – 26 March	16²	245	71	4049
XIX	2010	Delhi, India	3 – 14 October	17	285	73
XX	2014	Glasgow, Scotland	23 July – 3 August
XXI	2018	Gold Coast, Australia or Hambantota, Sri Lanka	To be decided

Notes

¹Includes 3 team sports. ²Includes 4 team sports

Approved sports

There are a total of 31 sports (with two multi-disciplinary sports) and a further 7 para-sports which are approved by the Commonwealth Games Federation. They are categorised into three types. Core sports must be included on each programme. A number of optional sports may be picked by the host nation, which may include some team sports such as basketball. Recognised sports are sports which have been approved by the CGF but which are deemed to need expansion; host nations may not pick these sports for their programme until the CGF's requirements are fulfilled.^[6]

Sport	Type	Years
Archery	Optional	1982, 2010
Athletics	Core	1930–present
Badminton	Core	1966–present
Basketball	Optional	2006
Billiards	Recognised	Never
Boxing	Core	1930–present
Canoeing	Recognised	1949-
Cycling	Optional	1934–present
Diving	Optional	1930–present
Fencing	Recognised	1950–1970
Golf	Recognised	Never
Gymnastics (Artistic and Rhythmic)	Optional	1978, 1990–present
Handball	Recognised	1930
Field Hockey	Core	1998–present
Judo	Optional	1990, 2002, 2014
Lawn bowls	Core	1930–present (except 1966)
Life saving	Recognised	Never

Sport	Type	Years
Netball	Core	1998–present
Rowing	Recognised	1930, 1938–62, 1986
Rugby sevens	Core	1998–present
Sailing	Recognised	Never
Shooting	Optional	1966, 1974–present
Softball	Recognised	Never
Squash	Core	1998–present
Swimming	Core	1930–present
Synchronized swimming	Optional	1986, 2006
Table tennis	Optional	2002–present
Tennis	Optional	2010
Tenpin bowling	Recognised	1998
Triathlon	Optional	2002, 2006, 2014
Volleyball	Recognised	Never
Water polo	Recognised	1950
Weightlifting	Core	1950–present
Wrestling	Optional	1930–present (except 1990,1998 and 2006)

Participation

Nations/dependencies that have competed

Only six teams have attended every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales. Australia has been the highest scoring team for ten games, England for seven and Canada for one.

Aden¹ 1962
Anguilla 1982, 1998–
Antigua and Barbuda 1966–1970, 1978, 1994–
Australia 1930–
Bahamas 1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990–
Bangladesh 1978, 1990–
Barbados 1954–1966, 1970–1982, 1990–
Belize 1978, 1994–
Bermuda 1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990–
Botswana 1974, 1982–
British Guiana² 1930–1938, 1954–1962
British Honduras³ 1962–1966
British Virgin Islands 1990–
Brunei Darussalam 1958, 1990–
Cameroon 1998–
Canada 1930–
Cayman Islands 1978–
Ceylon⁴ 1938–1950, 1958–1970
Cook Islands 1974–1978, 1986–
Cyprus 1978–1982, 1990–
Dominica 1958–1962, 1970, 1994–
England 1930–
Falkland Islands 1982–
Fiji¹⁵ 1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006
The Gambia 1970–1982, 1990–
Ghana 1958–1982, 1990–
Gibraltar 1958–
Gold Coast⁵ 1954
Grenada 1970–1974, 1994–
Guernsey 1970–
Guyana 1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990–
Hong Kong⁶ 1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994
India 1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990–
Ireland⁷ 1930
Irish Free State⁷ 1934
Isle of Man 1958–
Jamaica 1934, 1954–1982, 1990–
Jersey 1958–
Kenya 1954–1982, 1990–
Kiribati 1998–
Lesotho 1974–
Malawi¹² 1970–
Malaya⁸ 1950, 1958–1962
Malaysia 1966–1982, 1990–
Maldives 1986–

Malta 1958–1962, 1970, 1982–
Mauritius 1958, 1966–1982, 1990–
Montserrat 1994–
Mozambique 1998–
Namibia 1994–
Nauru 1990–
Newfoundland⁹ 1930–1934
New Zealand 1930–
Nigeria 1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002–
Niue 2002–
Norfolk Island 1986–
North Borneo⁸ 1958–1962
Northern Ireland⁷ 1934–1938, 1954–
Northern Rhodesia¹⁰ 1954
Pakistan 1954–1970, 1990–
Papua New Guinea 1962–1982, 1990–
Rhodesia¹¹ 1934–1950
Rhodesia and Nyasaland¹⁰ 1958–1962
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 1982, 1998–
Saint Kitts and Nevis (Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla 1978), 1990–
Saint Lucia 1962, 1970, 1978, 1994–
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1958, 1966–1978, 1994–
Samoa and Western Samoa 1974–
Sarawak⁸ 1958–1962
Scotland 1930–
Seychelles 1990–
Sierra Leone 1966–1970, 1978, 1990–
Singapore⁸ 1958–
Solomon Islands 1982, 1990–
South Africa 1930–1958, 1994–
South Arabia¹ 1966
Southern Rhodesia¹⁰ 1954
Sri Lanka 1974–1982, 1990–
Swaziland 1970–
Tanganyika¹³ 1962
Tanzania 1966–1982, 1990–
Tonga 1974, 1982, 1990–
Trinidad and Tobago 1934–1982, 1990–
Turks and Caicos Islands 1978, 1998–
Tuvalu 1998–
Uganda 1954–1982, 1990–
Vanuatu 1982–
Wales 1930–
Zambia¹² 1970–1982, 1990–
Zimbabwe^12,14 1982, 1990–2002

Notes:

1: Aden became South Arabia which left the Commonwealth in 1968.
2: Became Guyana in 1966.
3: Became Belize in 1973.
4: Became Sri Lanka in 1972.
5: Became Ghana in 1957.
6: Left the Commonwealth when handed over to China in 1997.
7: Ireland was represented as a team from the whole of Ireland in 1930, and from the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland in 1934. The Irish Free State, renamed Ireland in 1937 (but also known by its name in the Irish Eire) formally left the Commonwealth when it declared that it was a Republic on 1 January 1949.
8: Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore federated as Malaysia in 1963. Singapore left the federation in 1965.
9: Joined Canada in 1949.
10: Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia federated with Nyasaland from 1953 as Rhodesia and Nyasaland which lasted till 1963.
11: Divided into Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia in 1953.
12: Competed from 1958–1962 as part of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
13: Zanzibar and Tanganyika federated to form Tanzania in 1964.
14: Withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2003.
15: Suspended from the Commonwealth and Games in 2009.^[7]

Commonwealth nations/dependencies/disputed territories yet to send teams

Very few Commonwealth dependencies and nations have yet to take part:

Tokelau is expected to take part in the 2010 Games in Delhi.

Rwanda gained Commonwealth membership in 2010 and is expected to take part in the 2010 Games in Delhi.

Pitcairn Islands' tiny population (50 as of July 2009) would appear to prevent this British overseas territory from competing.

The British Indian Ocean Territory currently has no permenant pouplation although there is a sizeable population who were born in the BIOT but currently live in Mauritius and the United Kingdom and so would be eligible to compete on birth criteria.

The lack of a permanent population would seem to prevent the British overseas territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and British Antarctic Territory, the New Zealand territory of Ross Dependency and the Australian external territories of Australian Antarctic Territory, Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Heard Island and McDonald Islands from competing.

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has made applications to the CGF to send teams.

Other states, territories and territorial aunonomies with native populations within the Commonwealth that may be eligible include Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Rodrigues, Nevis and Zanzibar.

It is also conceivable that any future members of the Commonwealth such as applicant such as Sudan and Yemen may participate in future games. The Federation of South Arabia, a precursor to modern Yeman has participated before in 1966.

Cornwall, represented by the Cornwall Commonwealth Games Association (CCGA), sent a bid for participation in the 2006 Commonwealth Games, however, their appication was rejected by the CGF, who stated that the Constitutional status of Cornwall was not an issue that should be resolved through this medium. However, in 2010, the CCGA sought to launch a legal challenge to the decision of the CGF, stating that the Cornish bid of 2006 fulfilled the entire criterion of the CGF, and by rejecting the bid, the CGF had violated their own code, failing to follow their own criteria for participation. The Cornwall team will therefore seek competition in the 2014 games.^[8]

Boycotts

The Commonwealth Games has suffered from political boycotts over its history, largely associated with apartheid-era South Africa. Nigeria boycotted the 1978 Games in protest of New Zealand's sporting contacts with South Africa, while 32 of 59 nations from Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean boycotted the 1986 Commonwealth Games due to the Thatcher government's attitude towards South African sporting contacts. Boycotts were also threatened in 1974, 1982, and 1990 because of South Africa.

Notable competitors

Lawn bowler Willie Wood from Scotland is the first competitor to have competed in seven Commonwealth Games, from 1974 to 2002. Also, Greg Yelavich, a sports shooter from New Zealand, has won 11 medals in 6 games from 1986 to 2006.

References

↑ Harold, Perkin (September 1989). "Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British Empire and Commonwealth". International Journal of the History of Sport 6 (2): pp. 145–155. doi:10.1080/09523368908713685.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 "The story of the Commonwealth Games". Commonwealth Games Federation. http://www.thecgf.com/games/story.asp. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
↑ "1930 British Empire Games – Introduction". Commonwealth Games Federation. http://www.thecgf.com/games/intro.asp. Retrieved 29 October 2009.
↑ High Achievers. Australian Commonwealth Games Association. Retrieved on 2010-04-05.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Growth of the Commonwealth Games. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved on 2010-04-05.
↑ Sports Programme. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved on 26 June 2009.
↑ http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683
↑ http://www.campaignkernow.com

External links

Commonwealth Games Official website
Statistics (1911 to 2006)
Flags and emblems of the Commonwealth Games – evolution of the emblems of the Games

Games sites

Associations

Commonwealth Games

British Empire Games	1930 · 1934 · 1938 · 1950

British Empire and Commonwealth Games	1954 · 1958 · 1962 · 1966

British Commonwealth Games	1970 · 1974

Commonwealth Games	1978 · 1982 · 1986 · 1990 · 1994 · 1998 · 2002 · 2006 · 2010 · 2014 · 2018 · 2022 · 2026

Commonwealth Games host cities

1930: Hamilton • 1934: London • 1938: Sydney • 1950: Auckland • 1954: Vancouver • 1958: Cardiff • 1962: Perth • 1966: Kingston • 1970: Edinburgh • 1974: Christchurch • 1978: Edmonton • 1982: Brisbane • 1986: Edinburgh • 1990: Auckland • 1994: Victoria • 1998: Kuala Lumpur • 2002: Manchester • 2006: Melbourne • 2010: Delhi • 2014: Glasgow • 2018: TBA

Associations at the Commonwealth Games

Current	Anguilla · Antigua and Barbuda · Australia · Bahamas · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Bermuda · Botswana · British Virgin Islands · Brunei Darussalam · Cameroon · Canada · Cayman Islands · Cook Islands · Cyprus · Dominica · England · Falkland Islands · Fiji · Gambia, The · Ghana · Gibraltar · Grenada · Guernsey · Guyana · India · Isle of Man · Jamaica · Jersey · Kenya · Kiribati · Lesotho · Malawi · Malaysia · Maldives · Malta · Mauritius · Montserrat · Mozambique · Namibia · Nauru · New Zealand · Nigeria · Niue · Norfolk Island · Northern Ireland · Pakistan · Papua New Guinea · Rwanda · Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Samoa · Scotland · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Africa · Sri Lanka · Swaziland · Tanzania · Tonga · Trinidad and Tobago · Turks and Caicos · Tuvalu · Uganda · Vanuatu · Wales · Zambia

Historical	Hong Kong · Ireland · Irish Free State · Malaya · Newfoundland · North Borneo · Sarawak · South Arabia · Zimbabwe

Commonwealth of Nations topics

History	British Empire · Balfour Declaration · Statute of Westminster · London Declaration · Singapore Declaration · Harare Declaration · Edinburgh Declaration

Governance	Head of the Commonwealth (Elizabeth II) · Secretariat · Secretary-General (Kamalesh Sharma) · Deputy Secretaries-General · Secretariat Directors · Marlborough House

Heads of Government	Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (2009 · 2011) · Chairperson-in-Office (Kamla Persad-Bissessar) · Ministerial Action Group

Commonwealth Family	Association of Commonwealth Universities · Commonwealth Business Council · Commonwealth Foundation · Commonwealth Games Federation · Commonwealth Parliamentary Association · Commonwealth War Graves Commission BECM · CAP · CBA · CET · CFA · CHRI · CJIA · CoL · CLA · CLGF · CPSU · CPU · CSFP · ESU · ICS · RCEL · RCS · ROSL · SSI

Members	List of members · Membership criteria · Special membership · Suspension · Commonwealth realm · Commonwealth republic

Culture	English language · Commonwealth Games (2006 · 2010) · Symbols · Commonwealth Flag · Commonwealth Day · Commonwealth Writers' Prize · Round Table movement · The Round Table Journal · Commonwealth citizenship

Lists	Commonwealth Family · Extreme points · Member states · Prime Ministers · Tallest structures · Visits by Queen Elizabeth II

Multi-sport events

Global

Olympic Games • World Games

Associations	Commonwealth Games • Inter-Allied Games¹ • Island Games • Jeux de la Francophonie • Lusophony Games

Communities	Islamic Solidarity Games • Gay Games • Maccabiah Games • Pan-Armenian Games • Women's Islamic Games • World Outgames

Disabled sport	Deaflympics • Défi sportif • Extremity Games • Paralympic Games • Special Olympics • World Wheelchair and Amputee Games

Professions	Military World Games • World Police and Fire Games

Youth and students	Australian Youth Olympic Festival • Commonwealth Youth Games • CPLP Games • World Festival of Youth and Students • Youth Olympic Games • Gymnasiade • SELL Student Games • Universiade • World Interuniversity Games

Other sport	World Mind Sports Games • X Games

Olympic alternatives¹	Friendship Games • Games of the New Emerging Forces • Goodwill Games • Olympic Boycott Games • People's Olympiad

Regional

Africa	African Youth Games • All-Africa Games • Central African Games

Americas	Bolivarian Games • CANUSA Games • Central American and Caribbean Games • Central American Games • North American Indigenous Games • Pan American Games • Parapan American Games • South American Games

Asia	ASEAN ParaGames • Asian Beach Games • Asian Games • Asian Indoor Games¹ • Asian Indoor-Martial Arts Games • Asian Martial Arts Games¹ • Asian Para Games • Asian Youth Games • Children of Asia International Sports Games • East Asian Games • Central Asian Games • Southeast Asian Games • South Asian Games • West Asian Games

Europe	Black Sea Games • EuroGames • European Youth Olympic Festival • Games of the Small States of Europe

Inter-continental	Afro-Asian Games • Arafura Games • Arctic Winter Games • FESPIC Games¹ • Indian Ocean Island Games • Mediterranean Games • Nordic Games • Pan Arab Games

National

Asia	India • Indian Empire¹ • Indonesia • Japan • Malaysia • People's Republic of China (rural; amateur) • Thailand (youth)

Americas	Canada (western) • Colombia • United States (amateur juniors; seniors)

Europe	Albania¹ • Nazi Germany¹ • Netherlands • Poland (youth) • Soviet Union (youth)¹

Oceania	Western Australia (high school)²

National Congress of State Games²	Alabama · Arizona · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Florida · Georgia · Hawai'i · Idaho (summer; winter) · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Maine · Massachusetts · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Texas · Utah (summer; winter) · Virginia · Washington · Wisconsin · Wyoming

¹Defunct. ²Sub-national. ³51 component games in 36 U.S. states.
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