Magadan Oblast
| Magadan Oblast (English) Магаданская область (Russian) |
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|---|---|
| - Oblast - | |
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 Coat of arms of Magadan Oblast |
 Flag of Magadan Oblast |
| Anthem | None |
| Political status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Political status | Oblast |
| Federal district | Far Eastern[1] |
| Economic region | Far Eastern[2] |
| Administrative center | Magadan |
| Official language | Russian[3] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2002 Census)[4] | 182,726 inhabitants |
| - Rank within Russia | 81st |
| - Urban[4] | 92.3% |
| - Rural[4] | 7.7% |
| - Density | 0.4 /km2 (1.0 /sq mi)[5] |
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[6] | 461,400 km2 (178,147.5 sq mi) |
| - Rank within Russia | 11th |
| Established | December 3, 1953 |
| License plates | 49 |
| ISO 3166-2:RU | RU-MAG |
| Time zone | MAGT/MAGST (UTC+11/+12) |
| Government (as of February 2010) | |
| Governor[7] | Nikolay Dudov[8] |
| Legislature | Oblast Duma[9] |
| Charter | Charter of Magadan Oblast |
| Official website | |
| http://www.magadan.ru/ | |
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Magadan Oblast (Russian: Магада́нская о́бласть, Magadanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) in the Far Eastern Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Magadan.
Contents |
History
Magadan Oblast was established in 1953 in what had popularly been known as Kolyma. As a result of considerable raw resources, especially gold, silver, tin, and tungsten deposits, mining activities and road building had been developed during the Stalin era in the 1930s and 1940s under the coordination of Dalstroy and its forced labor camps. On Stalin's death, Dalstroy was disbanded and the regional administration took over many of its former responsibilities.
From then on, paid labor replaced most of the convict-based manpower, attracted by the region's rapid economic expansion, especially the gold-mining interests.
The indigenous peoples of the region, including the Evens, Koryaks, Yupiks, Chukchis, Orochs, Chuvans and Itelmens, who had traditionally lived from fishing along the Sea of Okhotsk coast or from reindeer herding in the River Kolyma valley, suffered from the industrialisation of the area but were able to rely on institutional support until 1987 when Perestroika started to cause many of the older structures to close. As a result, many of those who can no longer rely on traditional sources of income are now unemployed[10].
Chukotka was formerly an autonomous okrug subsumed within Magadan Oblast, but it declared its separation in 1991.
Terrain and wildlife
Magadan Oblast consists principally of mountainous desert, tundra, and taiga. The southern part of the region is partly forested with birch, willow, mountain ash, larch and alder.
The animal species in the south include snow sheep, reindeer, moose and brown bears. There are also many varieties of birds, including ducks and seabirds. The Sea of Okhotsk has rich fishing grounds for pollock, herring, cod, flounder and salmon, as well as whales, seals, crabs and shellfish.
Economy
The economy is centered on mining interests for gold, silver and other non-ferrous metals. The city of Magadan is the only large industrial center. The other main contributor to the economy is fishing, particularly for export, with processing companies in Magadan, Ola, Yamsk, and Evensk. Recently, there has been interest in exploiting the coal resources in the region. Over the medium term, there seem to be excellent opportunities for petroleum and natural gas exploitation. Agriculture is not well developed in the region.
Unfortunately, despite these rich natural resources, the economy has not prospered as much as might have been expected in recent years. The severe climate and poorly developed infrastructure are partly to blame but the difficult transition from Soviet times has led to the collapse of a number of companies with the result that many inhabitants have left the region. Recently, there do seem to have been renewed efforts to encourage foreign investment which could lead to improvements in the economy. Indeed, on a visit to Magadan in November 2005, President Vladimir Putin supported the extension of special tax advantages for the region in order to encourage gold exploitation[11]. Companies involved in food processing and production include Gormolzavod, a distillery, a pasta factory, a sausage factory, the Dukcha state poultry farm, and the Khasynsky state farm.
Administrative divisions
Demographics
Population: 182,726 (2002 Census), 161,225 (2010 Jan.) Urban Population: 154,086 (2010 Jan.) Rural Population: 7,139 (2010 Jan.)
- Total Fertility Rate: 1.344 Children per women (2008).
- Urban TFR:1.300 Children per women (2008).
- Rural TFR: 5.879 Children per women (2008).
- Infant Mortality Rate: 14.2 per 1000 births (2007).
- Urban Infant Mortality Rate: 12.9 per 1000 births (2007).
- Rural Infant Mortality Rate: 34.8 per 1000 births (2007). (Highest in all of Russia).
Ethnic groups: According to the 2002 Census the ‘national composition’ was:
- 146,488 Russians (80.17%);
- 18,068 Ukrainians (9.89%);
- 2,527 Evens (1.38%);
- 2,169 Belarusians (1.19%);
- 2,006 Tatars (1.10%);
- 888 Koryaks (0.49%);
- 808 Ingush (0.44);
- 780 Germans (0.43);
- 643 Itelmen (0.35%);
- 563 Azeris (0.31%);
- 479 Moldovans (0.26%);
- 469 Yakuts (0.26%);
- 466 Buryats (0.26%);
- 378 Ossetians (0.21%);
- 357 Chuvash (0.20%);
- 344 Bashkirs (0.19%);
- 330 Armenians (0.18%);
- 314 Kamchadals (0.17%);
- and a few other groups of less than three hundred persons each.
- In addition, 0.33% of the inhabitants declined to state their nationality on the census questionnaire.[12]
Demographics for 2006 and later
Magadan is a federal subject that has the highest rate of depopulation in the Russian Federation. Its population, which stood at 384,525 in 1991, stands at 165,820 as of January 1, 2008 (according to the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics), falling at a rate of around 2% per year. Rural population which stood at 59,151 is now standing at 8,833 and decreasing at a rate of around 10% per year. Entire villages are being emptied out and the population of the rural areas of the districts is simply disappearing. Rural population of Yagodninsky District has been reduced from 13,843 (1991) to 445 (2007). Omsukchansky District had its rural population plummet from 1,301 to 79. Especially extreme is the example of Susumansky District, where the rural population almost disappeared: from 9,764 in 1991 to just 116 in 2007. Emigration is evident from the fact that for the 20-24 age group, there are only 66 females living in Rural areas as against 202 Males. Male life expectancy for rural areas rose to 53.73 years in 2006 from 51.88 in 2005.[13]
Although Magadan Oblast is a part of the program of resettlement of ethnic Russian families,[14] not a single such family from the near abroad has so far settled in the Oblast.
| District | Population | Urban | Rural | Births | BR | Deaths | DR | NGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magadan Oblast | 171,569 | 161,937 | 9,632 | 1820 | 10.70 | 2242 | 13.20 | -0.25% |
| Magadan | 107,265 | 107,265 | 0 | 1171 | 10.90 | 1292 | 12.10 | -0.12% |
| Olsky District | 11,463 | 7,917 | 3,546 | 124 | 10.90 | 192 | 16.90 | -0.60% |
| Omsukchansky District | 5,993 | 5,887 | 106 | 51 | 8.60 | 61 | 10.30 | -0.17% |
| Severo-Evensky District | 3,129 | 1,797 | 1,332 | 29 | 9.50 | 55 | 18.10 | -0.86% |
| Srednekansky District | 4,193 | 2,984 | 1,209 | 35 | 8.70 | 74 | 18.40 | -0.97% |
| Susumansky District | 11,166 | 10,952 | 214 | 101 | 9.30 | 132 | 12.20 | -0.29% |
| Tenkinsky District | 6,523 | 4,433 | 2,090 | 74 | 11.60 | 96 | 15.00 | -0.34% |
| Khasynsky District | 9,147 | 8,587 | 560 | 108 | 12.00 | 140 | 15.50 | -0.35% |
| Yagodninsky District | 12,690 | 12,115 | 575 | 127 | 10.40 | 200 | 16.30 | -0.59% |
References
- ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000).
- ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ↑ According to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia, Russian is the official language on the whole territory of the Russian Federation. Article 68.2 further stipulates that only the republics have the right to establish official languages other than Russian.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
- ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2002 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the Census (2002).
- ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ Charter, Article 62
- ↑ Official website of the Administration of Magadan Oblast. Nikolay Nikolayevich Dudov, Governor of Magadan Oblast (Russian)
- ↑ Charter, Article 45
- ↑ Perestroika's Legacy and Indigenous Peoples in Magadan, Winfried K. Dallmann, Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved 26 February 2007.
- ↑ Magadan Still a Zone after Putin Visits, Kommersant, 23 November 2005.
- ↑ (XLS) National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation. 2002 Russian All-Population Census. 2002. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-2.xls. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
- ↑ http://www.bricsinfo.org/bricsinfo/research/download.jsp?seq=6037
- ↑ http://www.magadan.ru/economica/prr01.php
External links
- (Russian) Official website of Magadan Oblast
- (English) Overview of Magadan Oblast (Kommersant newspaper)
- (English) Magadan oblast beautiful nature views
Sources
- Магаданская областная Дума. №218-ОЗ 28 декабря 2001 г. «Устав Магаданской области», в ред. Закона №1188-ОЗ от 3 ноября 2009 г. «О принятии поправок к Уставу Магаданской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Магаданская правда", №201 (18919), 29 декабря 2001 г. (Magadan Oblast Duma. Law #218-OZ of December 28, 2001 Charter of Magadan Oblast, as amended by the Law #1188-OZ of November 3, 2009 On Adopting the Amendments to the Charter of Magadan Oblast. Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication date).
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