1591
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 15th century – 16th century – 17th century |
| Decades: | 1560s 1570s 1580s – 1590s – 1600s 1610s 1620s |
| Years: | 1588 1589 1590 – 1591 – 1592 1593 1594 |
| 1591 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology – Architecture – Art – |
| Literature – Music – Poetry – Science |
| Leaders: State leaders – Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Births – Deaths – Works |
1591 (MDXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).
Contents |
Events of 1591
May 15: Tsarevich Dimitri dies.
January–June
- March 13 – Battle of Tondibi: In Mali, Moroccan forces of the Saadi Dynasty led by Judar Pasha defeat the Songhai Empire, despite being outnumbered by at least 5 to 1.
- May 15 – In Russia, Tsarevich Dimitri, son of the Ivan the Terrible, is found dead in mysterious circumstances, at the palace in Uglich. The official explanation is that he has cut his own throat during an epileptic seizure. Many believe he has been murdered by his rival, Boris Godunov, who becomes tsar.
- May 24 – Sir John Norreys, with an English expeditionary force sent by Queen Elizabeth I of England, takes the town of Guingamp after a brief siege, on behalf of Henry of Navarre.
- June – Zutphen is captured by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau.
July–December
- July – Deventer is captured by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau.
- August–September – Maurice maneuvers cautiously against the Duke of Parma near Arnhem.
- August–September – During the 1591 Atlantic hurricane season, probably the most severe of the pre-1600 seasons, at least eight intense hurricanes occurred.
- September 14 – Hulst is captured by Maurice.
- October 21 – Nijmegen is captured by Maurice.
- October 29 – Pope Innocent IX succeeds Pope Gregory XIV as the 230th pope.
Undated
Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1591 MDXCI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2344 |
| Armenian calendar | 1040 ԹՎ ՌԽ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -253 – -252 |
| Bengali calendar | 998 |
| Berber calendar | 2541 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2135 |
| Burmese calendar | 953 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7099 – 7100 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚寅年十二月初六日 (4227/4287-12-6) — to —
辛卯年十一月十六日(4228/4288-11-16) |
| Coptic calendar | 1307 – 1308 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1583 – 1584 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5351 – 5352 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Bikram Samwat | 1647 – 1648 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1513 – 1514 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4692 – 4693 |
| Holocene calendar | 11591 |
| Iranian calendar | 969 – 970 |
| Islamic calendar | 999 – 1000 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenshō 19 (天正19年) |
| Korean calendar | 3924 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2134 |
- January 11 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (d. 1646)
- January 12 – Giuseppe Ribera, Spanish painter (d. 1652)
- February 8 – Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (Guercino), Italian painter (d. 1666)
- February 21 (or March 2) Girard Desargues, French mathematician (d. 1661)
- February 25 – Friedrich von Spee, German Jesuit and poet (d. 1635)
- March 15 – Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1660)
- June 16 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and music theorist (d. 1655)
- July – Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (d. 1643)
- August 24 – Robert Herrick, English poet (d. 1674)
- date unknown
- David Blondel, French Protestant clergyman (d. 1655)
- Andrew Bobola, Polish Jesuit missionary and martyr (d. 1657)
- Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Cretan author, physician, mathematician, and music theorist (d. 1655)
- Thomas Goffe, English dramatist (d. 1629)
- William Lenthall, English politician of the Civil War period (d. 1662)
- Johann Adam Schall von Bell, German Jesuit missionary to China (d. 1666)
- Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset (d. 1632)
Deaths
- April 21 – Sen no Rikyu, Japanese exponent of the tea ceremony (b. 1522)
- May 1 – Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros, English Noblewoman (b. c. 1574)
- May 15 – Tsarevich Dimitri, Tsarevich (b. 1582)
- June 21 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian Jesuit and saint (b. 1568)
- July 2 – Vincenzo Galilei, Italian composer (b. 1520)
- July 18 – Jacobus Gallus Carniolus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550)
- August 23 – Luis Ponce de León, Spanish lyric poet (b. 1527)
- August 27 – Katheryn of Berain, Welsh noblewoman (b. 1534)
- September 10 – Richard Grenville, English soldier and explorer (b. 1542)
- October 16 – Pope Gregory XIV (b. 1535)
- October 19 – Juan de Luna y Celdrán, Baron of Purroy, Spanish nobleman
- November 20 – Christopher Hatton, English politician (b. 1540)
- December 14 – Saint John of the Cross, Spanish Carmelite friar and poet (b. 1542)
- December 18 – Marigje Arriens, Dutch woman executed for witchcraft (b. ca. 1520)
- December 30 – Pope Innocent IX (b. 1519)
- date unknown