1851

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1820s  1830s  1840s  – 1850s –  1860s  1870s  1880s
Years:	1848 1849 1850 – 1851 – 1852 1853 1854

1851 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology – Architecture –

Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science

Sports – Rail Transport

Countries:     Australia – Canada – China – France – Germany – Ireland – Mexico – Netherlands – New Zealand – Norway – South Africa – Spain – UK – USA

Leaders:   State leaders – Colonial governors

Category: Establishments – Disestablishments

Births – Deaths – Works

1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday ^[1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).

Contents 1 Events of 1851 1.1 January–June 1.2 July–September 1.3 October–December 1.4 Undated 1.5 Ongoing events 2 Births 2.1 January–June 2.2 July–December 3 Deaths 3.1 January–June 3.2 July–December 4 Notes

Events of 1851

January–June

• January 11 – Taiping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion.
• January 15 – Christian Female College, now Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly.
• January 23 – The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in the Oregon Territory is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning.
• January 28 – Northwestern University is founded.
• February 12 – Edward Hargraves claims to have found gold in Australia.
• March 1 – Victor Hugo uses the phrase United States of Europe in a speech to the French National Assembly.
• March 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto is first performed at La Fenice in Venice.
• March 27 – The first white men reportedly see Yosemite Valley.
• March 30 – A population census is taken in the United Kingdom.
• April 9 – San Luis, the oldest permanent settlement in the state of Colorado, is founded by settlers from Taos, New Mexico.
• April 20 – Ramón Castilla loses power in Peru.
• April 21- John Stuart Mill marries Harriet Taylor
• April 28 – Santa Clara College is chartered in Santa Clara, California.
• May 1 – The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London is opened by Queen Victoria (it runs until October 18).
• May 15
  • Alpha Delta Pi Sorority, the first secret society for women, is founded at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia.
  • Mongkut (Rama IV) is crowned King of Siam at the Grand Palace in Bangkok.
• Mid-May to mid-July, extensive flooding across Midwest U.S., town of Des Moines virtually washed away, many rainfall records hold for 160 years.

July–September

• July – The immortal game, a famous chess game, is played.
• July 1
  • The Colony of Victoria separates from New South Wales.
  • Serial poisoner Hélène Jégado is arrested in Rennes, France.
• July 10 – The University of the Pacific is chartered as California Wesleyan College in Santa Clara, California.
• July 29 – Annibale de Gasparis, in Naples, Italy discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
• August 1 – Virginia closes its Reform Constitutional Convention deciding that all white men have the right to vote.
• August 22 – The yacht America wins the first America's Cup race.
• September 15 – Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• September 18 – The New York Times is founded.
• September 30 – The Fregatten Eugenies (or the Frigate Eugenie) leaves from Karlskrona, Sweden to begin its voyage as the first Swedish Royal Navy vessel to circumnavigate the world.

October–December

• October – The Reuters news service is founded.
• October 15 – The City of Winona, Minnesota is founded.
• October 18 – The Great Exhibition in London is closed.
• October 24 – Ariel and Umbriel, moons of Uranus, are discovered by William Lassell.
• November 13
  • The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what later becomes Seattle, Washington.
  • First protected submarine telegraph cable laid, across the English Channel.
• November 14 – Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick; or The Whale is published in the U.S. by Harper & Brothers, New York, after being first published on October 18 in London by Richard Bentley, in 3 volumes as The Whale.
• December 2 – In what amounts to a coup, Louis Napoleon, president of France, dissolves the French National Assembly and declares a new constitution to extend his term. A year later he declares himself as Emperor Napoleon III, ending the Second Republic.
• December 6 – The trial of Hélène Jégado begins; she is eventually sentenced to death and executed by guillotine.
• December 9 – The first YMCA (1844) in North America is established in Montreal, Quebec.
• December 24 – The Library of Congress burns.
• December 26–27 – A Royal Navy warship bombards Lagos Island; Oba Kosoko is wounded and flees to Epe.

Undated

• St. Paul's College, Hong Kong is founded.
• Western Union is founded.
• The population of Britain reaches 21 million. 6.3 million live in cities of 20,000 or more in England and Wales and cities of 20,000 or more account for 35% of the total English population.

Ongoing events

• New Zealand land wars (1845–1872)
• Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864)
• First Schleswig War (1848–1851)

Births

1851 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1851 MDCCCLI
Ab urbe condita	2604
Armenian calendar	1300 ԹՎ ՌՅ
Bahá'í calendar	7 – 8
Bengali calendar	1258
Berber calendar	2801
Buddhist calendar	2395
Burmese calendar	1213
Byzantine calendar	7359 – 7360
Chinese calendar	庚戌年十一月廿九日 (4487/4547-11-29) — to — 辛亥年十一月初十日 (4488/4548-11-10)
Coptic calendar	1567 – 1568
Ethiopian calendar	1843 – 1844
Hebrew calendar	5611 – 5612
Hindu calendars
- Bikram Samwat	1907 – 1908
- Shaka Samvat	1773 – 1774
- Kali Yuga	4952 – 4953
Holocene calendar	11851
Iranian calendar	1229 – 1230
Islamic calendar	1267 – 1268
Japanese calendar	Kaei 4 (嘉永4年)
Korean calendar	4184
Thai solar calendar	2394

January–June

• January 17 – A. B. Frost, American illustrator (d. 1928)
• January 19 – Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922)
• February 8 – Kate Chopin, American writer (d. 1904)
• March 14 – John Sebastian Little, American politician and congressman (d. 1916)
• March 18 – Julien Dupré, Fench artist (d. 1910)
• March 19 – William Henry Stark, business leader (d. 1936)
• March 27 – Vincent d'Indy, French composer and teacher (d. 1931)
• March 28 – Bernardino Machado, Portuguese President (d. 1944)
• April 13 – Robert Abbe, American surgeon (d. 1928)
• April 17 – Madre Teresa Nuzzo, Foundress of the Daughters of the Sacred Heart (d. 1923)
• April 20 – Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (d. 1875)
• April 21 – Charles Barrois, French geologist (d. 1939)
• May 5 – Matthew Kapelewski, Polish-American poet and novelist (d. 1883)
• May 6 – Aristide Bruant, French cabaret singer and comedian (d. 1925)
• May 20 – Emil Berliner, telephone and recording pioneer (d. 1929)
• May 21 – Léon Bourgeois, French statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1925)

July–December

• June 16 – Georg Jellinek, German legal philosopher (d. 1911)
• July 8 – Arthur Evans, British archaeologist (d. 1941)
• July 15 – Eduardo Gutiérrez, Argentinian author (d. 1889)
• July 20 – Arnold Pick, Czechoslovakian neurologist and psychiatrist (d. 1924)
• July 24 – Friedrich Schottky, German mathematician (d. 1935)
• August 14 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
• September 7 – David King Udall, American politician (d. 1938)
• September 14 – H.E. Beunke, Dutch writer (d. 1925)
• September 29 – Hardwicke Rawnsley, English clergyman, poet, writer of hymns and conservationist (d. 1920)
• October 2 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of Allied forces in World War I (d. 1929)
• October 20 – George Gandy, American entrepreneur (d. 1946)
• December 10 – Melvil Dewey, American librarian, inventor of Dewey Decimal Classification (d. 1931)
• December 20 – Dora Montefiore, English suffragist and socialist (d. 1933)
• December 30 – Asa Griggs Candler, American businessman and politician (d. 1929)

Deaths

January–June

• January 10 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal (b. 1775)
• January 19 – Esteban Echeverría, Argentine poet and writer (b. 1805)
• January 23 – Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, Scottish politician (b. 1809)
• January 27 – John James Audubon, French-American naturalist and illustrator (b. 1785)
• January 31 – David Spangler Kaufman, Congressman from Texas (b. 1813)
• February 1 – Mary Shelley, English author (b. 1797)
• February 3 – Benjamin Williams Crowninshield, Congressman from Massachusetts secretary of U.S. Navy (b. 1772)
• February 18 – Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, German mathematician (b. 1804)
• February 23 – Joanna Baillie, Scottish poetess and dramatist (b. 1762)
• February 28 – Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (b. 1775)
• March 9 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish scientist (b. 1777)
• May 13 – Princess Augusta of Bavaria, Duchess of Leuchtenberg (b. 1788)
• May 22 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer, journalist (b. 1785)

July–December

• July 10 – Louis Daguerre, French artist and chemist (b. 1787)
• July 17 – Roger Sheaffe, British General
• August 8 – James Shudi Broadwood, piano manufacturer (b. 1772)
• September 10 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, American educator (b. 1787)
• September 11 – Sylvester Graham, American nutritionist and inventor (b. 1794)
• September 14 – James Fenimore Cooper, American writer (b. 1789)
• October 4 – Manuel de Godoy, Spanish statesman (b. 1767)
• October 19 – Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b. 1778)
• November 26 – Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, French marshal and politician (b. 1769)
• December 19 – Joseph Mallord William Turner, English artist (b. 1775)
• date unknown – John Brown Russwurm, American abolitionist (b. 1799)

Notes

1. ↑ "Calendar in year 1851 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage: Julian-1851 (Russia used the Julian calendar until 1919).