1882

1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events

January–March

• February 3 – P. T. Barnum purchases the elephant Jumbo.
• March 2 – Roderick Maclean fails to assassinate Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
• March 20 – British gunboats enter Monrovia, with Arthur Havelock demanding that Liberia cede disputed territory to the British colony of Sierra Leone.
• March 22 – Polygamy is made a felony by the Edmunds Act as passed by the U.S. Congress.
• March 24 – Robert Koch announces the discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
• March 28 – Republican Jules Ferry makes primary education in France free, non-clerical (laique) and obligatory.
• March 29 – The Knights of Columbus are established.

April–June

• April 3 – Old West outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back of the head and killed by Robert Ford.
• May 2 – Charles Stewart Parnell is released.
• May 6
  • The "Invincibles" (militant Irish republicans) kill Lord Frederick Cavendish, chief secretary for Ireland and permanent undersecretary T.H. Burke in Phoenix Park, Dublin;
• May 8
  • The Chinese Exclusion Act is the first important law which restricts immigration into the U.S.A.
• May 20 – The Triple Alliance is formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
• June 6
  • A cyclone in the Arabian Sea causes flooding in Bombay harbor, leaving about 100,000 dead.
  • Battle of Embabo: The Shewan forces of Menelik defeat the Gojjame army.
• June 11 – The Urabi Revolt breaks out in Egypt against the Khedive and European influence in that country.
• June 28 – Anglo-French Convention of 1882 signed marking territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone.
• June 30 – U.S. presidential assassin Charles Guiteau is hanged.

July–September

• July 11 – British troops occupy Alexandria and the Suez Canal.
• July 26 – Boers establish the republic of Stellaland in southern Africa.
• July 31 – The Hebrew Moshava of Rishon Le-Zion is founded.
• August 3 – The U.S. Congress passes the 1882 Immigration Act.
• August 5 – Standard Oil of New Jersey is established.
• August 20 – Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture debuts in Moscow.
• September 4 – Thomas Edison flips the switch to the first commercial electrical power plant in history, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan. This is considered by many as the day that began the electrical age.
• September 5 – The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
• September 13 – 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War: British troops occupy Cairo, and Egypt becomes a British protectorate.

Photograph of the comet as seen from Cape Town by David Gill

• September 18 – Great Comet of 1882: Her Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape, David Gill, reported watching the comet rise a few minutes before the Sun and described it as "The nucleus was then undoubtedly single, and certainly rather under than over 4″ in diameter; in fact, as I have described it, it resembled very much a star of the 1st magnitude seen by daylight.".

October–December

• October 5 – The Society for Ethical Culture of Chicago – (currently the Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago) is founded by Felix Adler.
• October 14 – The University of the Punjab is founded in present day Pakistan.
• October 16 – The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.
• November 14 – Franklin Leslie shoots Billy Claiborne dead in the streets of Tombstone, Arizona.
• November 16 – The Royal Navy's HMS Flirt destroys Abari village in Niger.
• December 6 – The last transit of the planet Venus until 2004 occurs.
• December – Zichron Yaakov is founded in northern Israel.

Undated

• Nikola Tesla conceives the rotating magnetic field principle and uses it to invent the alternating current generator/motor.
• First International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins.
• Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes his proof of the transcendentality of pi.
• The Married Women's Property Act 1882 in Britain enables women to buy, own and sell property and to keep their own earnings.
• Zulu king Cetshwayo returns to South Africa.
• A peace treaty is signed between Paraguay and Uruguay.
• The British Chartered Institute of Patent Agents is founded (now called Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys).
• The Personal Liberty League is established to oppose the temperance movement in the United States.
• Carolyn Merrick is elected president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
• St Andrew's Ambulance Association in Glasgow, Scotland, and St. John Ambulance in Canada are founded.
• Founding of:
  • Waterloo Rugby Club
  • Tottenham Hotspur F.C. (as Hotspur F.C.)
  • Albion Rovers F.C. (though the amalgamation of two Coatbridge clubs, Albion and Rovers)
  • Queens Park Rangers F.C.
  • Burnley F.C.
  • Thames Ditton Lawn Tennis Club
• Redruth Mining School opens.
• Pogroms in Southern Russia end.

Births

January–June

• January 6
  • Fan S. Noli, Albanian poet and political figure (d. 1965)
  • Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1961)
• January 12 – Milton Sills, American stage & film actor (d. 1930)
• January 13 – Alois Hitler, Jr., Austrian elder half-brother of Adolf Hitler (d. 1956)
• January 17 – Arnold Rothstein, Jewish/American gangster (d. 1928)
• January 17 – Noah Beery, American actor (d. 1946)
• January 18 – A. A. Milne, British author (d. 1956)
• January 25 – Virginia Woolf, English writer (d. 1941)
• January 30 – Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
• January 31 – J. Homer Tutt, American vaudeville producer and performer (d. 1951)
• February 1 – Louis Stephen St. Laurent, twelfth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1973)
• February 2 – James Joyce, Irish author (d. 1941)
• February 2 – Anne Bauchens, American film editor worked for 40 years with Cecil B. DeMille (d. 1967)
• February 4 – E. J. Pratt, Canadian poet (d. 1964)
• February 8 – Thomas Selfridge, United States Army officer and first person killed in airplane crash (d. 1908)
• February 11 – Valli Valli, Broadway actress (d. 1927)
• February 15 – John Barrymore, American actor (d. 1942)
• February 22 – Eric Gill, British sculptor and writer (d. 1940)
• February 26 – Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (d. 1968)
• February 28 – Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (d. 1967)
• March 6 – F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect (d. 1980)
• March 14 – Waclaw Sierpinski, Polish mathematician (d. 1969)
• March 15 – Jim Lightbody, American runner (d. 1953)
• March 18 – Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer (d. 1973)
• March 23 – Emmy Noether, German mathematician (d. 1935)
• March 26 – Hermann Obrecht, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1940)
• March 30 – Melanie Klein, Viennese child psychoanalyst (d. 1960)
• April 4 – Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1934)
• April 17 – Artur Schnabel, Polish pianist (d. 1951)
• April 18
  • Isabel J. Cox, wife of Canadian prime minister Arthur Meighen (d. 1985)
  • Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (d. 1977)
  • Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian writer (d. 1948)
• April 19 – Getúlio Vargas, president of Brazil (d. 1954)
• April 21 – Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
• April 24 – Hugh Dowding, commander of the RAF Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain (d. 1970)
• April 29 – H.N. Werkman, Dutch artist and printer (d. 1945)
• May 5 – Sylvia Pankhurst, suffragette (d. 1960)
• May 6 – Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, heir of Kaiser Wilhelm II (d. 1951)
• May 9
  • Henry J. Kaiser, American industrialist (d. 1967)
  • George Barker, American painter (d. 1965)
• May 13 – Georges Braque, French painter (d. 1963)
• May 19 – Mohammed Mossadegh, Iranian prime minister (d. 1967)
• May 20 – Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)
• May 25 – Marie Doro, American stage & silent film actress (d. 1956)
• May 30 – Wyndham Halswelle, British runner (d. 1915)
• June 9 – Bobby Kerr, Canadian sprinter (d. 1963)
• June 15 – Ion Antonescu, Romanian prime minister and dictator (d. 1946)
• June 17
  • Igor Stravinsky, Russian composer (d. 1971)
  • Adolf Friedrich VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1918)
• June 28 – Valeska Surratt, stage actress & silent film star (d. 1962)

July–December

• July 8 – Percy Aldridge Grainger, Australian composer (d. 1962)
• July 22 – Edward Hopper, American painter (d. 1967)
• July 25 – George S. Rentz, United States Navy Chaplain and Navy Cross winner (d. 1942)
• July 27 – Geoffrey de Havilland, British aviation pioneer and aircraft company founder (d. 1965)
• August 11 – Rodolfo Graziani, Italian General (d. 1955)
• August 14 – Gisela Richter, English art historian (d. 1972)
• August 16 – Christian Mortensen, Oldest verified male ever (d. 1998)
• August 17 – Samuel Goldwyn, Hollywood movie mogul (d. 1974)
• August 19 – MacGillivray Milne, United States Navy Captain and the 27th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1959)
• August 25 – Seán T. O'Kelly, second President of Ireland (d. 1966)
• August 26 – James Franck, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
• September – Ma Rainey, blues singer (d. 1939)
• September 13 – Ramón Grau, Cuban president (d. 1969)
• September 16 – Robert Hichens, Titanic Quartermaster, man at the wheel when Titanic hit the iceberg (d. 1940)
• October 3 – A. Y. Jackson, Canadian painter (d. 1974)
• October 5 – Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist (d. 1945)
• October 6 – Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (d. 1937)
• October 14
  • Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach and third President of Ireland (d. 1975)
  • Charlie Parker, English cricketer (d. 1959)
• October 20 – Béla Lugosi, Hungarian-born actor (d. 1956)
• October 24 – Sybil Thorndike, British stage & film actress (d. 1976)
• October 25 – Florence Easton, English opera soprano (d. 1955)
• November 6 – Thomas Ince, film producer (d. 1924)
• November 8 – Ethel Clayton, silent screen star (d. 1966)
• November 11 – King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973)
• November 15 – Felix Frankfurter, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court (d. 1965)
• November 18 – Jacques Maritain, Catholic philosopher (d. 1973)
• November 29 – Henri Fabre, pioneer French aviator, inventor of Le Canard (d. 1984)
• December 9 – Joaquín Turina, Spanish composer (d. 1949)
• December 11
  • Subramanya Bharathy, Tamil Indian poet (d. 1921)
  • Max Born, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
• December 16
  • Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (d. 1967)
  • Jack Hobbs, English cricketer (d. 1963)
  • Walther Meissner, German technical physicist (d. 1974)
• December 23 – Mokichi Okada, Japanese Religious(d. 1955)
• December 31 – Martin O'Meara, Australian soldier (d. 1935)

Deaths

January–June

• January 7 – Ignacy Lukasiewicz, Polish pharmacist and inventor of the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil, creator of the first oil lamp (b. 1822)
• January 6 – Richard Henry Dana, Jr., founder of Dana Point, CA (b. 1815)
• January 13 – Juraj Dobrila, Croatian bishop (b. 1812)
• February 6 – J. J. McCarthy, Irish architect (b. 1817)
• March 9 – Giovanni Lanza, Italian politician (b. 1810)
• March 19 – Carl Robert Jakobson, Estonian writer, politician and teacher (b. 1841)
• March 24 – Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American author (b. 1807)
• April 3 – Jesse James, American Western outlaw (b. 1847)
• April 10 – Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet and painter (b. 1828)
• April 17
  • George Jennings, English sanitary engineer (b. 1801)
  • Antonio Fontanesi, Italian painter (b. 1818)
• April 19 – Charles Darwin, British naturalist (b. 1809)
• April 27 – Ralph Waldo Emerson, American philosopher and writer (b. 1803)
• June 2 – Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian patriot (b. 1807)
• June 3 – Christian Wilberg, German painter (b. 1839)
• June 25
  • François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806)
  • Mikhail Skobelev, Russian general (b. 1843)
• June 30 – Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827)

July–December

• July 4 – Joseph Brackett, American Shaker religious leader and composer (b. 1797)
• July 16 – Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States (b. 1818)
• July 20 – Fanny Parnell, Irish poet and founder of the Ladies' Land League (b. 1848)
• August 25 – Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Estonian writer and physician (b. 1803)
• August 31 – Pedro Luiz Napoleão Chernoviz, Brazilian physician, writer and publisher (b. 1812)
• September 8 – Joseph Liouville, French mathematician (b. 1809)
• September 30 – José Milla y Vidaurre, Guatemalan writer (b. 1822)
• November 7 – Julius Hübner, German painter (b. 1806)
• November 14 – Billy Claiborne, American gunfighter (b. 1860)
• December 3 – Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1811)
• December 6
  • Alfred Escher, Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (b. 1819)
  • Louis Blanc, French politician and historian (b. 1811)
  • Anthony Trollope, British novelist and postal service official (b. 1815)
• December 18 – Henry James Sr., American theologian (b. 1811)
• December 21 – Francesco Hayez, Italian painter (b. 1791)
• December 31 – Léon Gambetta, French statesman (b. 1838)

External links

• 1882 Coin Pictures