1918

1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday^[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1918

February 16: The Act of Independence of Lithuania

January

• January 8 – Woodrow Wilson delivers his Fourteen Points speech.
• January 12 – Finland enacts a "Mosaic Confessors" law, granting Finnish Jews civil rights.
• January 18 – Constituent Assembly meet in Russia.
• January 19 – Russian Constituent Assembly proclaims Russian Democratic Federative Republic, but was dissolved by Bolshevik government on same day.
• January 25 – The Ukrainian people declare independence from Bolshevik Russia.
• January 27 – The Finnish Civil War begins.

February

February 5: The SS Tuscania (1914) is torpedoed off the Irish coast, it is the first ship carrying American troops to Europe to be torpedoed and sunk.

February 23: Estonian Declaration of Independence

• February 14 – Russia switches from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar; the date skips from February 1 to February 14.
• February 16 – The Council of Lithuania adopts the Act of Independence of Lithuania, declaring Lithuania's independence from the Russian Empire.
• February 21 - The last captive Carolina Parakeet (the last breed of parrot native to North America) dies at the Cincinnati Zoo.
• February 24 – After 7 centuries of foreign rule, Estonia declares its independence from the Russian Empire. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia also declare their independence from the Russian Empire but as the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic.

March

• March 1 – The German submarine U-19 sinks the HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland.
• March 3 – World War I: Germany, Austria and Bolshevist Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia's involvement in the war.
• March 4 – A soldier at Camp Fuston, Kansas falls sick with the first confirmed case of the Spanish flu.
• March 5 – Soviet Russia moves its national capital from Petrograd to Moscow.
• March 6 – The Finnish Air Force is founded. The blue swastika is adopted as its symbol as a tribute to the Swedish explorer and aviator Eric von Rosen, who donated the first plane. Von Rosen had painted the Buddhist symbol on the plane as his personal lucky insignia.
• March 7 – World War I: Finland forms an alliance with Germany.
• March 12 – Moscow becomes the capital of Soviet Russia.
• March 19 – The U.S. Congress establishes time zones and approves daylight saving time (DST goes into effect on March 31).
• March 21 – World War I: The Second Battle of the Somme begins.
• March 23
  • The giant German cannon, the so-called Paris Gun, begins to shell Paris from 114 km (75 miles) away.
  • In London at the Wood Green Empire, Chung Ling Soo (William E Robinson, U.S.-born magician) dies during his trick where he is supposed to "catch" 2 separate bullets – one of them perforates his lung. He dies the following morning in a hospital.
  • The Social Revolutionary Party declares Belarus independent; Bolshevik armies soon crush them.
• March 25
  • Belarus declares independence.
  • Dr. Karl Muck, music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, is arrested under the Alien Enemies Act and imprisoned for the duration of World War I.
• March 27 – Bessarabia votes to become part of Romania.
• March 30 – Outburst of bloody March Events in Baku and other locations of Baku Governorate.
• March – Publication of Dr Marie Stopes' influential book Married Love in the UK.

April

• April 1 – The Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service are merged to form the Royal Air Force.
• April 21 – Manfred Von Richthofen, aka "The Red Baron", World war one's most successful fighter pilot, dies in combat at Morlancourt Ridge near the Somme River.

May

• May 1 – German troops enter Don province; they take Rostov May 6.
• May 2 – General Motors acquires the Chevrolet Motor Company of Delaware.
• May 11 – The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus is officially established.
• May 15
  • The United States Post Office Department (later renamed the United States Postal Service) begins the first regular airmail service in the world (between New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, DC).
  • End of the Finnish Civil War.
• May 16 – The Sedition Act of 1918 is approved by the U.S. Congress.
• May 20 – The small town of Codell, Kansas is hit for the third year in a row by a tornado. Coincidentally, all three tornadoes hit on May 20, 1916, 1917, and 1918 respectively.
• May 21 – Army Aviation Section separated from Signal Corps and divided into the Division of Military Aeronautics and the Bureau of Aircraft Production.
• May 26 – The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic is abolished. Georgia declares its independence as the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
• May 27 – The Third Battle of the Aisne commences.
• May 28 – Armenia and Azerbaijan declare their independence as the Democratic Republic of Armenia and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic respectively.

June

An Austro-Hungarian warship is sunk by an Italian powerboat in 1918 during the First World War

• June 1 – World War I: The Battle for Belleau Wood begins.
• June 10 – Austro-Hungarian warship is sunk by an Italian powerboat.
• June 12 – Grand Duke Michael Romanov is murdered, thereby becoming the first of the Romanovs to be murdered by the Bolsheviks.
• June 22 – Suspects in the Chicago Restaurant Poisonings are arrested, and more than 100 waiters are taken into custody, for poisoning restaurant customers with a lethal powder called Mickey Finn (drugs).

July

• July 3- The Siberian Expedition is launched to extract the Czechoslovak Legion from the Russian Civil War.
• July 4 – Mehmed VI (1918–1922) succeeds Mehmed V (Resad) (1909–1918) as Ottoman Emperor.
• July 9 – Great train wreck of 1918: In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express, killing 101.
• July 12 – , The Japanese Imperial Navy battle ship Kawachi blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan killing at least 621.
• July 13 – The National Czechoslovak Committee is established.
• July 15 – World War I – Second Battle of the Marne: The battle begins near the River Marne with a German attack.
• July 17 – By order of the Bolshevik Party and carried out by the Cheka, Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, their children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei, and retainers are executed at the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg, Russia.
• July 17 – The RMS Carpathia, rescue ship of the RMS Titanic, is sunk off the coast of Ireland by the German submarine U-55, with 5 lives lost.

August

• August – The Spanish Flu (influenza) becomes pandemic; over 30 million people die in the following 6 months (almost twice as many as died during the war).
• August 1 – British anti-Bolshevik forces occupy Archangel, Russia.
• August 8 – World War I – Battle of Amiens: Canadian and Australian troops, begin a string of almost continuous victories with a push through the German front lines. German General Erich Ludendorff later calls this the "black day of the German Army."
• August 10 – Russian Revolution: The British commander in Archangel is told to help the White Russians.
• August 30
  • 20,000 London policemen strike for increased pay and union recognition.
  • Russian Revolution: Vladmir Lenin is shot by Fanya Kaplan, but he survives. Moisei Uritsky, the Petrograd head of the Cheka, is assassinated the same day.

September

• September – British armies and their Arab allies roll into Syria.
• September 11 – The Boston Red Sox defeat the Chicago Cubs for the 1918 World Series championship, their last World Series win until 2004.
• September 29 – Bulgaria requests an armistice in World War I.

October

• October 3 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany makes Max von Baden German chancellor.
• October 3 – King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria abdicates in the wake of the Bulgarian military collapse in World War I. He is succeeded by his son, Boris III.
• October 4 – Wilhelm II of Germany forms a new more liberal government to sue for peace.
• October 8 – World War I: In the Argonne Forest in France, U.S. Corporal Alvin C. York almost single-handedly kills 25 German soldiers and captures 132.
• October 11 – The city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico and other adjacent towns are nearly destroyed (1918 Puerto Rico earthquake) by a 7.5 earthquake and a tsunami.
• October 12 – 1918 Cloquet Fire: The city of Cloquet, Minnesota and nearby areas are destroyed in a fire, killing 453.
• October 18
  • The Washington Declaration proclaims the independent Czechoslovak Republic.
• October 25 – The Princess Sophia sinks on Vanderbilt Reef near Juneau, Alaska; 353 people die in the greatest maritime disaster in the Pacific Northwest.
• October 28
  • Czechoslovakia declares its independence from Austria-Hungary.
  • A new Polish government is declared in Western Galicia (Central Europe).
• October 29– The Wilhelmshaven mutiny of the German High Fleet happens.
• October 30
  • The Martin Declaration is published, including Slovakia in the formation of the Czecho-Slovak state.
  • The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen is granted independence from the Ottoman Empire by the Armistice of Mudros.
• October 31
  • The Hungarian government terminates the personal union with Austria, officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian empire.
• October – Mammy Lou becomes the oldest person to ever star in a film, at age 114.

November

• November – The Allied fleet enters Constantinople.
• November 1
  • Malbone Street Wreck: The worst rapid transit accident in world history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, in Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 93 dead.
  • Ruthenia in eastern Czechoslovakia declares a brief independence.
• November 3
  • World War I: Austria-Hungary enters an armistice with the Allies.
  • Poland declares its independence from Russia.
  • Sailors in Kiel mutiny and throughout northern Germany soldiers and workers begin to establish revolutionary councils on the Russian soviet model.
• November 4
  • World War I: Austria-Hungary surrenders to Italy.
  • A mutiny in the German fleet at Kiel begin the German Revolution.
• November 6 – A new Polish government is proclaimed in Lublin.
• November 8 – The German army withdraws its support of the Kaiser.
• November 9
  • Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates and chooses to live in exile in the Netherlands.
  • Provisional National Council Minister-President Kurt Eisner declares Bavaria to be a republic.

Signatories to the Armistice with Germany (Compiègne), ending World War I, pose outside Marshal Foch's railway carriage.

• November 11
  • World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM in Marshal Foch’s railroad car in Compiègne Forest in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.^[2]
  • Poland regains independence after 123 years of partitions. Józef Piłsudski is appointed Commander-in-Chief.
  • Emperor Charles I of Austria gives up his absolute power but does not abdicate.
• November 12 – Austria becomes a republic.
• November 14
  • Czechoslovakia becomes a republic.
  • Józef Piłsudski is appointed head of state of Poland.
• November 16
  • Hungary declares independence from Austria.
  • The Hungarian Democratic Republic is declared.
• November 18 – Latvia declares its independence from Russia.
• November 22
  • The Spartacist League founds the German Communist Party.
  • The Belgian royal family returns to Brussels after the war.
• November 26 – The Podgorica Assembly votes for a "union of the people", declaring its union with the Kingdom of Serbia.
• November 28 – Estonian Freedom War: Bolshevist Russia invades Estonia, beginning the war. A socialist republic is established in Narva the next day.
• November 30 – Ernest Ansermet conducts the first concert by the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.

December

• December 1
  • Iceland becomes a self-governing kingdom, yet remains in personal union with the King of Denmark who also becomes King of Iceland.
  • New voting laws in Sweden makes votes no longer dependent on taxable assets; one person, one vote.
  • The Union of Alba Iulia is proclaimed: Following the March 27 incorporation of Bessarabia and Bucovina, Transylvania unites with Romania.
  • The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed.
• December 4 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson sails for the Paris Peace Conference, becoming the first U.S. president to travel to Europe while in office.
• December 5 – British light cruiser HMS Cassandra sunk by mine in the Gulf of Finland while assisting Estonia against the Bolsheviks, with eleven crew lost.
• December 17 – Culmination of the Darwin Rebellion as some 1000 demonstrators marched on Government House in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
• December 20 – Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk returns to the Czechoslovak Republic.
• December 27 – Great Poland Uprising: The Poles in Greater Poland (or Grand Duchy of Poznań) rise up against the Germans.
• December 28 – Constance Markiewicz while detained in Holloway prison, became the first woman to be elected MP to the British House of Commons. She did not take her seat and along with the other Sinn Féin TDs members.

• December 31 – A British-brokered ceasefire ends 2 weeks of Armeno-Georgian fighting.

Undated

• The Grand Duchy of Baden ceases to exist.
• The British occupy Palestine.
• The Native American Church is formally founded.
• The Association Against the Prohibition Amendment is founded to promote repeal of prohibition in the U.S.
• United Business Media is founded in London (as United Newspapers Ltd.)

Ongoing

• Finnish Civil War between the Reds and the Whites, from January to April
• Katla erupts in Iceland, from 12 October – 4 November

Births

January–February

• January 1 – Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (d. 2000)
  • Frances Bay, Canadian actress
• January 8 – Alma Ziegler, American female professional baseball player (d. 2005)
• January 10 – Arthur Chung, President of Guyana (d. 2008)
• January 15 – Gamal Abdal Nasser, 2nd President of Egypt (d. 1970)
• January 16
  • Nel Benschop, Dutch poet (d. 2005)
  • Stirling Silliphant, American writer and producer (d. 1996)
  • Allan Ekelund, Swedish film producer (d. 2009)
• January 17 – George M. Leader, American politician
• January 19 – John H. Johnson, American publisher (d. 2005)
• January 20 – Juan García Esquivel, Mexican bandleader (d. 2002)
  • Nevin S. Scrimshaw, American clinical
• January 21
  • Richard D. Winters, U.S. Army officer
  • Chichay, Filipino actress (d. 1993)
• January 22 – Elmer Lach, Canadian ice hockey player
• January 23 – Gertrude B. Elion, American scientist recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1999)
• January 24 – Oral Roberts, American neo-Pentecostal televangelist (d. 2009)
• January 25 – Ernie Harwell, American baseball sportscaster (d. 2010)
• January 26
  • Nicolae Ceauşescu, Romanian dictator (d. 1989)
  • Philip José Farmer, American writer (d. 2009)
  • Vito Scotti, American character actor (d. 1996)
• January 27
  • Skitch Henderson, English-born musician and bandleader (d. 2005)
  • Elmore James, American musician (d. 1963)
• January 29 – John Forsythe, American actor (Dynasty) (d. 2010)
• February 1 – Muriel Spark, Scottish author (d. 2006)
• February 2 – Hella Haasse, Dutch writer
• February 3
  • Joey Bishop, American entertainer, member of the Rat Pack (d. 2007)
  • Shlomo Goren, Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel (d. 1994)
  • Helen Stephens, American runner (d. 1994)
• February 4
  • Ida Lupino, English actress, screenwriter, director/producer (d. 1995)
• February 6 – Lothar-Günther Buchheim, German author (d. 2007)
• February 7 – Markey Robinson, Irish painter (d. 1999)
• February 8 – Fred Blassie, American professional wrestler and novelty singer (Pencil Neck Geek) (d. 2003)
• February 12 – Julian Schwinger, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
• February 15 – Allan Arbus, American actor (M*A*S*H)
• February 16 – Patty Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters)
• February 17 – William Bronk, American poet (d. 1999)
• February 20 – Ben Klassen, founder of the Creativity racist sect (d. 1993)
• February 22
  • Don Pardo, American TV announcer (Saturday Night Live)
  • Robert Pershing Wadlow, American tallest man record-holder (d. 1940)
  • Charlie Finley, American owner of the Oakland A's 1960–80 (d. 1996)
• February 25
  • Barney Ewell, American athlete (d. 1996)
  • Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (d. 1995)
• February 26 – Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (d. 1985)
  • Otis R. Bowen, American politician
• February 28 – Alfred Burke, British actor

March–April

Image of President Woodrow Wilson created by 21,000 soldiers at Camp Sherman, Chillicothe, Ohio

• March 1
  • Roger Delgado, British actor (d. 1973)
  • João Goulart, President of Brazil (d. 1976)
• March 3
  • Arthur Kornberg, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2007)
  • Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d. 2000)
• March 4 – Margaret Osborne duPont, former American female tennis player
• March 5
  • Shlomo Lorincz, member of Israeli Knesset for Agudat Yisrael (d. 2009)
  • James Tobin, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
• March 9
  • George Lincoln Rockwell, American Nazi leader (d. 1967)
  • Mickey Spillane, American writer (d. 2006)
• March 10 – Günther Rall, German ace fighter pilot (d. 2009)
• March 11 – Jack Coe, American evangelist (d. 1956)
• March 12 – Elaine de Kooning, American artist (d. 1989)
• March 15 – William McIntyre, Canadian Puisne Justice (d. 2009)
• March 16 – Frederick Reines, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
• March 17 – Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (d. 2004)
• March 18 – Bob Broeg, American sports writer (d. 2005)
• March 20 - Jack Barry, American television game show host and producer (d. 1984)
• March 22 – Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (d. 1997)
• March 23 – Émile Derlin Zinsou, President of Benin
• March 25 – Howard Cosell, American attorney, lecturer, and sports journalist (d. 1995)
• March 29
  • Pearl Bailey, African-American singer and actress (d. 1990)
  • Shirley Jameson, American female baseball player (d. 1993)
  • Sam Walton, founder of Wal-Mart (d. 1992)
• March 30 – Joseph Allen Jr., American actor (d. 1962)
• April 8 – Betty Ford, First Lady of the United States
• April 9 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect (d. 2008)
• April 16 – Spike Milligan, Irish comedian (d. 2002)
• April 17 – William Holden, American actor (d. 1981)
• April 18 – Clifton Hillegass, American author, founder of CliffsNotes (d. 2001)
  • Gabriel Axel, Danish film director
  • Shinobu Hashimoto, Japanese screenwriter
• April 20 – Kai Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
• April 22 – Mickey Vernon, American baseball player (d. 2008)
• April 22 – William Jay Smith, American poet
• April 26 – Fanny Blankers-Koen, Dutch athlete (d. 2004)

May–June

• May 1 – Jack Paar, American television show host (The Tonight Show) (d. 2004)
• May 3 – Benjamin C. Thompson, American architect (d. 2002)
• May 9
  • Mike Wallace, American journalist (60 Minutes)
  • Orville L. Freeman, American politician (d. 2003)
• May 10 – T. Berry Brazelton, American pediatrician
• May 11 – Richard Feynman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
• May 12 – Julius Rosenberg, American-born Soviet spy (d. 1953)
• May 15
  • Eddy Arnold, American country music singer (d. 2008)
  • Joseph Wiseman, Canadian actor (d. 2009)
• May 16 – Wilf Mannion, English footballer (d. 2000)
• May 17 – Birgit Nilsson, Swedish soprano (d. 2005)
  • A. C. Lyles, American film producer
• May 19 – Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American physicist (d. 2000)
• May 20 – Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
• May 23 – Frank Mancuso, American major league baseball player and politician (d. 2007)
• May 27 – Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister of Japan
• May 30 – Károly Doncsecz, Slovenian potter, Master of folk art (d. 2002)
• June 2 – Kathryn Tucker Windham, American writer and storyteller
• June 4 – Johnny Klein, American drummer (d. 1997)
• June 6 – Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009)
• June 8 – Robert Preston, American actor (The Music Man) (d. 1987)
• June 9 – John Hospers, American philosopher
• June 10 Patachou, French singer
• June 18
  • Jerome Karle, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Franco Modigliani, Italian-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
• June 27 – Willy Breinholst, Danish humorist and writer (d. 2009)

July–August

• July 4
  • Ann Landers, American advice columnist (d. 2002)
  • Pauline Phillips, American advice columnist, popularly known as Abigail Van Buren
  • Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (d. 2006)
• July 5 – George Rochberg, American composer (d. 2005)
• July 6 – Sebastian Cabot, American actor (Family Affair) (d. 1977)
• July 9 – Jarl Wahlström, Salvation Army General (d. 1999)
• July 12 – Mary Glen-Haig, British Olympic fencer
• July 13 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
• July 14 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film director (d. 2007)
• July 15 – Bertram N. Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
• July 16 – Bayani Casimiro, Filipino dancer and actor (d. 1989)
• July 17 – Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, President of Guatemala (d. 2003)
• July 18 – Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• July 24 – Ruggiero Ricci, Italian-born violinist
• July 25 – Jane Frank, American artist (d. 1986)
• July 26 – Marjorie Lord, American actress
• July 27 – Leonard Rose, American cellist (d. 1984)
• July 29 – Edwin O'Connor, American novelist and Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winner (d. 1968)
• July 31 – Paul D. Boyer, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Hank Jones, American pianist (d. 2010)
• August 3 – Sidney Gottlieb, American Central Intelligence Agency official (d. 1999)
• August 5 – Betty Oliphant, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (d. 2004)
• August 8 – Brian Stonehouse, English painter and World War II spy (d. 1998)
• August 13 – Frederick Sanger, English biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• August 25 – Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (d. 1990)
• August 26 – Hutton Gibson, religion writer and father of actor Mel Gibson
• August 27 – Jelle Zijlstra, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1966 until 1967 (d. 2001)
• August 30 – Ted Williams, American baseball player (d. 2002)

September–October

• September 3 – Helen Wagner, American actress/soap opera star (d. 2010)
• September 4 – Paul Harvey, American radio broadcaster (d. 2009)
• September 8 – Derek Harold Richard Barton, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
• September 9 – Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, 9th President of the Italian Republic
• September 13 – Rosemary Kennedy, sister of President of the United States John F. Kennedy (d. 2005)
• September 15 – Nipsey Russell, American comedian (d. 2005)
• September 17 – Chaim Herzog, 6th President of Israel 1983–93 (d. 1997)
• September 21 – John Gofman, American Manhattan Project scientist and advocate (d. 2007)
• September 22 – Henryk Szeryng, Polish-born violinist (d. 1988)
• September 27 – Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1984)
• September 28 – Angel Labruna, Argentine soccer player and manager (d. 1983)
  • Arnold Stang, American comic actor (d. 2009)
• October 4 – Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
• October 6 – Goh Keng Swee, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2010)
• October 8 – Jens Christian Skou, Danish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• October 9 – E. Howard Hunt, Watergate break-in coordinator (d. 2007)
• October 17 – Rita Hayworth, American actress (d. 1987)
• October 18
  • Constantine Mitsotakis, former Greek Prime Minister
  • Bobby Troup, American singer-songwriter and actor (Emergency!) (d. 1999)
• October 19
  • Louis Althusser, French philosopher (d. 1990)
  • Robert S. Strauss, Democratic National Committee Chairman
• October 23 – Augusta Dabney, American actress (d. 2008)
• October 27
  • Mihkel Mathiesen, Estonian statesman (d. 2003)
  • Teresa Wright, American actress (d. 2005)
• October 31 – Ian Stevenson, American parapsychologist (d. 2007)

November–December

• November 3
  • Bob Feller, American baseball player
  • Raimon Panikkar, Spanish theologian (d. 2010)
  • Elizabeth P. Hoisington, American Brigadier General (d. 2007)
  • Russell B. Long, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (d. 2003)
  • Dean Riesner, American film and television screenwriter (d. 2002)
• November 4 – Art Carney, American actor (The Honeymooners) (d. 2003)
• November 7 – Billy Graham, American evangelist, spiritual adviser to several U.S. Presidents
• November 9 – Spiro Agnew, American Vice President (d. 1996)
• November 10 – Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
• November 13 – Jack Elam, American actor (d. 2003)
• November 29 – Madeleine L'Engle, American author (d. 2007)
• November 30 – Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., American actor (The FBI)
• December 8 – Gérard Souzay, French baritone (d. 2004)
• December 9 – Jerome Beatty, Jr., author of children's literature (d. 2002)
• December 11 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
• December 12 – Joe Williams, American jazz singer (d. 1999)
• December 15 – Jeff Chandler, American actor (d. 1961)
• December 20 – Joseph Payne Brennan, American poet/author (d. 1990)
• December 21
  • Donald Regan, American Treasury Secretary and White House Chief of Staff (d. 2003)
  • Kurt Waldheim, President of Austria and Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 2007)
• December 23
  • José Greco, Italian-born flamenco dancer (d. 2001)
  • Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of Germany
• December 25 – Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1981)

Deaths

January–June

• January 6 – Georg Cantor, German mathematician (born 1845)
• January 8
  • Johannes Pääsuke, Estonian photographer and filmmaker (born 1892)
  • Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (born 1827)
• January 9 – Émile Reynaud, French inventor (born 1844)
• January 28 – John McCrae, Canadian soldier and poet (born 1872)
• February 2 – John L. Sullivan, American boxer (born 1858)
• February 5 – Leonard Monteagle Barlow, British fighter pilot (born 1898)
• February 6 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter (born 1862)
• February 10 – Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1833)
• February 15 – Vernon Castle, American dancer (born 1887)
• February 23 – Adolf Friedrich VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (born 1882)
• March 9 – Frank Wedekind, German playwright (born 1864)
• March 10 – Jim McCormick, Scottish-born American baseball player (born 1856)
• March 13 – César Cui, Lithuanian composer (born 1835)
• March 14 – Lucretia Garfield, Wife of President James Garfield (born 1832)
• March 23 – T. P. Cameron Wilson, English poet and novelist (born 1888)
• March 25 – Claude Debussy, French composer (born 1862)
• March 27
  • Henry Adams, American historian (born 1838)
  • Martin Sheridan, Irish athlete (born 1881)
• April 1 – Isaac Rosenberg, British war poet (born 1890)
• April 5 – King George Tupou II of Tonga (born 1874)
• April 20 – Karl Ferdinand Braun, German phyicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1850)
• April 21 – Manfred von Richthofen, German fighter pilot (born 1892)
• April 28 – Gavrilo Princip, Yugoslav assassin (born 1894)
• May 2 – Jüri Vilms, Estonian politician (born 1889)
• May 14 – James Gordon Bennett, Jr., American newspaper publisher (born 1841)
• May 19 – Raoul Lufbery, Franco-American fighter pilot (born 1885)
• May 30 – Georgi Plekhanov, Russian revolutionary and philosopher (born 1856)
• June 1 – Roderic Dallas, Australian fighter pilot (born 1891)
• June 4 – Charles W. Fairbanks, Vice President of the U.S. (born 1852)
• June 10 – Arrigo Boito, Italian poet and composer (born 1842)
• June 12 – Grand Duke Michael Romanov (born 1878)

July–December

• July 3 – Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire (born 1844)
• July 9 – James McCudden, British fighter pilot (born 1895)
• July 14 – Quentin Roosevelt, Youngest son of President Theodore Roosevelt, killed in action in World War I (born 1897)
• July 17 (N.S.) – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (born 1868)
• July 17 – Tsarina Alexandra of Russia (born 1872)
• July 17 – Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (born 1895)
• July 17 – Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (born 1897)
• July 17 – Grand Duchess Mashka Nikolaevna of Russia (born 1899)
• July 17 – Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (born 1901)
• July 17 – Tsarevich Alexei of Russia (born 1904)
• July 20 – Francis Lupo, American soldier (born 1895)
• July 22 – Indra Lal Roy, Indian fighter pilot (born 1898)
• July 26 – Edward Mannock, British fighter pilot (born 1887)
• July 29 – Ernest William Christmas, Australian painter (born 1863)
• July 30 – Joyce Kilmer, American journalist and poet (born 1886)
• July 31 – George McElroy, British fighter pilot (born 1893)
• August 1 – John Riley Banister, American policeman and cowboy (born 1854)
• August 10 – Jean Brillant, Canadian soldier (born 1890)
• August 10 – Aleksander Uurits, Estonian painter and graphic artist (born 1888)
• August 12 – Anna Held, French actress (b. 1873)
• August 18 – Henry Norwest, Canadian sniper (born 1884)
• September 12 – George Reid, 4th Prime Minister of Australia (born 1845)
• September 28 – Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (born 1858)
• September 28
  • True Boardman, American actor (born 1882)
  • Freddie Stowers, American soldier (born 1896)
• October 5 – Roland Garros, French fighter pilot (born 1888)
• October 5 – Robbie Ross, British writer (born 1869)
• October 9 – Raymond Duchamp-Villon, French sculptor (born 1876)
• October 11 – Wallace Lloyd Algie, Canadian soldier (born 1891)
• October 15 – Sai Baba of Shirdi, Indian guru and yogi (born 1838)
• October 19 – Harold Lockwood, American actor (born 1887)
• October 22 – Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress (born 1891)
• October 29 – Rudolf Tobias, Estonian composer (born 1873)
• October 31 – Egon Schiele, Austrian artist (born 1890)
• November 2 – Hugh Cairns, Canadian soldier (born 1896)
• November 4
  • Wilfred Owen, British poet and soldier (born 1893)
  • Andrew Dickson White, American academic, diplomat, and co-founder of Cornell University (born 1832)
• November 9
  • Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (born 1880)
  • Albert Ballin, German-Jewish shipping magnate (born 1857)
• November 11 – George Lawrence Price, Last Commonwealth soldier to die in World War I (born 1892)
• November 19 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American Mormon leader (born 1838)
• December 2 – Edmond Rostand, French writer (born 1868)
• December 11 – Ivan Cankar, Slovenian writer (born 1876)
• December 14 – Sidónio Pais, 4th President of Portugal (born 1872)
• December 28 – Olavo Bilac, Brazilian poet (born 1865)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
• Chemistry – Fritz Haber
• Medicine – not awarded
• Literature – not awarded
• Peace – not awarded

Notes