1816

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1780s  1790s  1800s  – 1810s –  1820s  1830s  1840s
Years:	1813 1814 1815 – 1816 – 1817 1818 1819

1816 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology – Architecture –

Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science

Sports – Rail Transport

Countries:     Australia – Canada – China – France – Germany – Ireland – Mexico – Netherlands – New Zealand – Norway – South Africa – Spain – UK – USA

Leaders:   State leaders – Colonial governors

Category: Establishments – Disestablishments

Births – Deaths – Works

Year 1816 (MDCCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). This year was known as The Year Without a Summer because of low global temperatures, which was the result of the volcanic eruption of Tambora in Indonesia the year before.

Contents 1 Events of 1816 1.1 January–June 1.2 July–December 1.3 Undated 2 Births 3 Deaths

Events of 1816

January–June

• Known as the "Year Without a Summer" in the northern hemisphere due to global cooling caused by the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption that had occurred in 1815.
• January 1 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia signs an order for the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Russian Empire.
• January 9 – Sir Humphry Davy tests the Davy lamp for Miners at Hebburn Colliery.
• February 12 – Fire nearly destroys the city of St. John's, Newfoundland.
• February 20 – Gioachino Rossini's The Barber of Seville debuts at Teatro Argentina, with a fiasco.
• March 23 – Estonia emancipates its peasants from serfdom.
• March 25 – Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck dies and is succeeded by the later Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, his son and founder of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.
• April 11 – In Philadelphia, the African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Richard Allen and other African-American Methodists, the first such denomination completely independent of White churches.
• May 2 – Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (later King of the Belgians) marries Charlotte Augusta, but she dies the next year.
• June 19 – Battle of Seven Oaks: The Hudson's Bay Company is defeated by the North West Fur-Trading Company, near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

July–December

• July 9 – Argentina gains independence from Spain.
• July 17 – The French passenger ship Medusa runs aground off the coast of Senegal, with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government.
• August 24 – The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri.
• August 27 – Bombardment of Algiers: Various European Allie ships force the Dey of Algiers to free Christian slaves.
• November 6 – James Monroe defeats Rufus King in the U.S. presidential election.
• December 11 – Indiana is admitted as the 19th U.S. state.

Undated

• Tsultrim Gyatso becomes the 10th Dalai Lama.
• Banjul, capital of The Gambia, is founded as a trading post, and named Bathurst.
• René Laennec invents the stethoscope.
• The Second Bank of the United States obtains its charter.
• E. Remington and Sons (the famous firearm and later typewriter manufacturing company) is founded.
• The Senate of Finland is established.
• Robert Stirling patents his Stirling engine, then known as Stirling's air engine.
• A rail capable of supporting a heavy locomotive is developed.
• The Ottomans grant Serbia local autonomy.
• Rammohun Roy founds Hindu College in Calcutta, offering instructions in Western languages and subjects.

Births

1816 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1816 MDCCCXVI
Ab urbe condita	2569
Armenian calendar	1265 ԹՎ ՌՄԿԵ
Bahá'í calendar	-28 – -27
Bengali calendar	1223
Berber calendar	2766
Buddhist calendar	2360
Burmese calendar	1178
Byzantine calendar	7324 – 7325
Chinese calendar	乙亥年十二月初三日 (4452/4512-12-3) — to — 丙子年十一月十三日 (4453/4513-11-13)
Coptic calendar	1532 – 1533
Ethiopian calendar	1808 – 1809
Hebrew calendar	5576 – 5577
Hindu calendars
- Bikram Samwat	1872 – 1873
- Shaka Samvat	1738 – 1739
- Kali Yuga	4917 – 4918
Holocene calendar	11816
Iranian calendar	1194 – 1195
Islamic calendar	1231 – 1232
Japanese calendar	Bunka 13 (文化13年)
Korean calendar	4149
Thai solar calendar	2359

• March 14 – William Marsh Rice, American university founder (d. 1900)
• April 21 – Charlotte Brontë, British novelist (d. 1855)
• April 22 – Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general (d. 1897)
• April 25 – Eliza Daniel Stewart, American temperance movement leader (d. 1908)
• May 24 – Emanuel Leutze, American painter (d. 1868)
• June 19 – William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1899)
• June 30 – Richard Lindon, Inventor of the Rugby Ball (d. 1887)
• July 4 – Arthur de Gobineau, French diplomat and author (d. 1882)
• July 23 – Charlotte Cushman, American stage actress (d. 1876)
• July 31 – George Henry Thomas, American general (d. 1870)
• August 4 – William Julian Albert, U.S. Congressman (d. 1879)
• August 16 – Charles John Vaughan, English scholar (d. 1897)
• November 17 – August Wilhelm Ambros, Austrian composer (d. 1876)
• December 13 – Werner von Siemens, German inventor and industrialist (d. 1892)
• date unknown – Francis Dutton, Premier of South Australia (d. 1877)

Deaths

• January 27 – Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, British admiral (b. 1724)
• February 6 – Maria Ludwika Rzewuska, Polish szlachcianka (b. 1744)
• February 22 – Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher and historian (b. 1723)
• March 19 – Philip Mazzei, Italian physician and friend of Thomas Jefferson (b. 1730)
• March 20 – Queen Maria I of Portugal (b. 1734)
• June 5 – Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer (b. 1751)
• June 12 – Pierre Augereau, Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione (b. 1757)
• July 5 – Dorothy Jordan, actress, mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1761)
• July 7 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright (b. 1751)
• July 14 – Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez forerunner of Latin American independece.
• September 27 – Edward Charles Howard, British chemist and chemical engineer (b. 1774)
• November 8 – Gouverneur Morris, American statesman (b. 1752)
• December 15 – Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, English statesman and scientist (b. 1753)
• December 30 – Louis Henri Loison, French general (b. 1771)