1869

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1830s  1840s  1850s  – 1860s –  1870s  1880s  1890s
Years:	1866 1867 1868 – 1869 – 1870 1871 1872

1869 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology – Architecture –

Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science

Sports – Rail Transport

Countries:     Australia – Canada – China – France – Germany – Ireland – Mexico – Netherlands – New Zealand – Norway – South Africa – Spain – UK – USA

Leaders:   State leaders – Colonial governors

Category: Establishments – Disestablishments

Births – Deaths – Works

Year 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Contents 1 Events of 1869 1.1 January–March 1.2 April–June 1.3 July–September 1.4 October–December 1.5 Undated 2 Births 2.1 January–June 2.2 July–December 3 Deaths 3.1 January–June 3.2 July–December 4 References

Events of 1869

January–March

• January 1 – Sigma Nu, the first anti-hazing Honor/Social Fraternity, is founded.
• January 20 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first woman to testify before the United States Congress.
• January 21 – The P.E.O. Sisterhood,a philanthropic educational organization for women, is founded at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.
• February 20 – Ranavalona II, the Merina Queen of Madagascar, is baptized.
• March 1 – North German Confederation issues 10gr and 30gr value stamps, printed on goldbeater's skin.
• March 4 – Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as the 18th President of the United States of America.
• March 6 – Mendeleev makes a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society.
• March 24 – Titokowaru's War ends with surrender of last Māori troops at large in the South Taranaki District of New Zealand's North Island .

April–June

• April 6 – The American Museum of Natural History is founded in New York.
• May 4–10 – Naval Battle of Hakodate in Japan: The Imperial Japanese Navy defeats the Tokugawa shogunate.
• May 6 – Purdue University is founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.
• May 10 – The Transcontinental Railroad is completed in Promontory, Utah.
• May 15 – Woman's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman's Suffrage Association.
• may 22 – Sainsbury's first store in Drury Lane, London, opened.
• May 26 – Boston University is chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
• May 29 – The British Parliament passes the Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill, thus ending public hanging.
• June 1 – The Cincinnati Red Stockings open the baseball season as the first fully professional baseball team.
• June 2 – Sherwood College is founded in Nainital, India.
• June 15 – John Wesley Hyatt patents the first plastic, Celluloid, in Albany, New York.
• June 18 – The first Estonian Song Festival takes place in Tartu.

July–September

• July 4 – The University of Bucharest is founded.
• August 9 – August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht found the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP).
• August 31 – Irish scientist Mary Ward is killed in a car accident, possibly the first person ever to suffer this fate.
• September 5 – The foundation stone is laid for Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria (southern Germany).
• September 11 – Work on the Wallace Monument is completed in Stirling, Scotland.
• September 24- The Fisk-Gould Scandal (also known as Black Friday) causes a financial panic in the United States.

October–December

• October 16 – England's first residential college for women, Girton College, is founded.
• November 4 – The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published.
• November 6 – The first game of American Football between two American colleges is played. Rutgers University defeats Princeton University 6–4 in a forerunner to American football and College football.
• November 17 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
• November 23 – In Dumbarton, Scotland the last surviving clipper ship, Cutty Sark, is launched.
• December 1 – The official transfer of Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company to the Dominion of Canada is executed.
• December 10 – The first American chapter of Kappa Sigma is founded at the University of Virginia.
• December 10 – The Wyoming territorial legislature gives women the right to vote, the first such law in the world.
• December 31 – Triple Alliance forces take Asunción.

Undated

• Basutoland becomes a British protectorate.
• The British Parliament ends transportation to Australia as punishment for criminals.
• Mahbub Ali Pasha begins a 42-year reign as the Nizam of Hyderabad.
• Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace is published complete in book form.
• James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald asks Henry Morton Stanley to find Dr. Livingstone.
• The Meiji Emperor of Japan accepts the surrender of the four most powerful clans—(Chōshū, Tosa, Hizen, and Satsuma)—and reappoints the clan chiefs as Provincial Governors on reduced revenues.
• Abdur Rahman Khan is exiled from Afghanistan.
• Southern Illinois University, Carbondale is founded.
• The co-operative Central Board (later Co-operatives UK) is founded in Manchester.
• The Glasgow University Rugby Football Club (GURFC) is founded.
• The opposition, consisting of republicans, monarchists and liberals, polls almost 45% of the vote in France.
• Marcus Jastrow arrives in the United States to become rabbi of Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia.

Births

1869 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1869 MDCCCLXIX
Ab urbe condita	2622
Armenian calendar	1318 ԹՎ ՌՅԺԸ
Bahá'í calendar	25 – 26
Bengali calendar	1276
Berber calendar	2819
Buddhist calendar	2413
Burmese calendar	1231
Byzantine calendar	7377 – 7378
Chinese calendar	戊辰年十一月十九日 (4505/4565-11-19) — to — 己巳年十一月廿九日 (4506/4566-11-29)
Coptic calendar	1585 – 1586
Ethiopian calendar	1861 – 1862
Hebrew calendar	5629 – 5630
Hindu calendars
- Bikram Samwat	1925 – 1926
- Shaka Samvat	1791 – 1792
- Kali Yuga	4970 – 4971
Holocene calendar	11869
Iranian calendar	1247 – 1248
Islamic calendar	1285 – 1286
Japanese calendar	Meiji 2 (明治2年)
Korean calendar	4202
Thai solar calendar	2412

January–June

• January 4 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player (d. 1960)
• January 10 – Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (d. 1916)
• January 15 – Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter, and architect (d. 1907)
• February 11 – Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (d. 1939)
• February 14 – Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 1959)
• February 26 – Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, Russian Marxist revolutionary and Vladimir Lenin's wife (d.1939)
• March 3
  • Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
  • Henry Wood, British conductor (d. 1944)
• March 12 – George William Forbes, New Zealand Prime Minister and first leader of the New Zealand National Party (d. 1947)
• March 14 – Algernon Blackwood, English writer (d. 1951)
• March 18 – Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
• March 21 – Florenz Ziegfeld, American theatrical producer (d. 1932)
• March 22 – Emilio Aguinaldo, first President of the Philippines (d. 1964)
• March 23 – Calouste Gulbenkian, Armenian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1955)
• March 29 – Edwin Lutyens, British architect (d. 1944)
• April 2 – Hughie Jennings, American baseball player (d. 1928)
• April 4 – Mary Colter, American architect (d. 1958)
• April 8 – Harvey Cushing, American neurosurgeon (d. 1939)
• April 11 – Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1943)
• April 27 – May Moss, Australian women's rights activist (d. 1948)
• May 3 – Warren Terhune, United States Navy Commander, and the 13th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1920)
• May 5 – Hans Pfitzner, German composer (d. 1949)
• May 20 – John Stone Stone, American physicist and inventor (d. 1943)
• June 17 – Flora Finch, English-born comedian (d. 1940)
• June 27 – Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)

July–December

• July 11 – Pio Valenzuela, Filipino doctor and patriot
• August 10 – Lawrence Binyon, English poet and scholar (d. 1943)
• September 3 – Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
• September 17 – Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1938)
• September 23 – Mary Mallon, "Typhoid Mary" (d. 1938)
• October 2 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian political leader, Father of the Nation (d. 1948)
• October 25 – John Heisman, American football coach (d. 1936)
• October 27 – Viola Allen, actress (d. 1948)
• November 10 – Wayne Wheeler, American temperance movement leader (d. 1927)
• November 11 – Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (d. 1947)
• November 20 – Herbert Tudor Buckland, seminal British Arts and crafts architect (d.1951)
• November 22 – André Gide, French writer and Nobel laureate (d. 1951)
• November 25 – Herbert Greenfield, Premier of Alberta, Canada (d. 1949)
• November 30 – Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 1937)
• December 5 – Ellis Parker Butler, American humorist (d. 1937)
• December 16 – Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian revolutionary and leader of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia and Eastern Thrace
• December 22 – Edwin Arlington Robinson, American poet (d. 1935)
• December 22 – Nathan Paine, American lumber baron (d. 1947)
• December 30 – Stephen Leacock, British-Canadian author and economist (d. 1944)
• December 31 – Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)

Deaths

January–June

• January 1
  • Martin W. Bates, American senator (b. 1786)
  • James B. Longacre, fourth Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint (b. 1794)
• January 30 – William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
• February 15 – Mirza Ghalib, Indian poet (b. 1796).
• March 8 – Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
• March 20 – John Pascoe Grenfell, British admiral of the Brazilian Navy (b. 1800)
• March 24 – Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)
• April 20 – Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)
• June 16 – Charles Sturt, Australian explorer (b. 1795)
• June 20 – Hijikata Toshizou, Japanese military commander (b. 1835)

July–December

• July 18 – Laurent Clerc, American advocate for the deaf (b. 1785)
• July 22 – John A. Roebling, American bridge engineer (b. 1806)
• August 31 – Mary Ward, Irish scientist and the first car accident victim (b. 1827)
• September 4 – John Pascoe Fawkner, Australian pioneer, settler and politician, Melbourne, Victoria (b. 1792)
• September 12 – Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (b. 1779)
• October 8 – Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States (b. 1804)
• October 13 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
• October 23 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799)
• December 8 – Narcisa de Jesús Martillo, an Ecuadorian saint (b. 1832)
• December 18 – Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (b. 1829)

References

• American Annual Cyclopedia...for 1869 (1870), large compendium of facts, worldwide coverage online edition
• The American year-book and national register for 1869 (1869). focus on U.S. online edition