September 9

September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 113 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 9 – Arminius' alliance of six Germanic tribes ambushes and annihilates three Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
• 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
• 1379 – Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III.
• 1493 – Battle of Krbava field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1513 – James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden Field, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.
• 1543 – Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
• 1739 – Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in Britain's mainland North American colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1776 – The Continental Congress officially names its new union of sovereign states the United States.
• 1791 – Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, is named after President George Washington.
• 1801 – Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of Baltic provinces.
• 1839 – John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph.
• 1850 – California is admitted as the thirty-first U.S. state.
• 1850 – The Compromise of 1850 transfers a third of Texas's claimed territory (now parts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming) to federal control in return for the U.S. federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre-annexation debt.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• 1886 – The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is finalized.
• 1914 – World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.
• 1922 – Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 ends with Turkish victory over the Greeks.
• 1923 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party.
• 1924 – Hanapepe Massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii.
• 1926 – The U.S. National Broadcasting Company is formed.
• 1940 – George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer.
• 1942 – World War II: A Japanese floatplane drops an incendiary bomb on Oregon.
• 1943 – World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy.
• 1944 – World War II: The Fatherland Front takes power in Bulgaria through a military coup in the capital and armed rebellion in the country. A new pro-Soviet government is established.
• 1945 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan formally surrenders to China.
• 1947 – First actual case of a computer bug being found: a moth lodges in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at Harvard University.
• 1948 – Republic Day of Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
• 1956 – Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time.
• 1965 – The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established.
• 1965 – Hurricane Betsy makes its second landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana, leaving 76 dead and $1.42 billion ($10–12 billion in 2005 dollars) in damages, becoming the first hurricane to top $1 billion in unadjusted damages.
• 1966 – The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act is signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
• 1969 – Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 DC-9 collides in flight with a Piper PA-28 and crashes near Fairland, Indiana.
• 1970 – A British airliner is hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and flown to Dawson's Field in Jordan.
• 1971 – The four-day Attica Prison riot begins, which eventually results in 39 dead, most killed by state troopers retaking the prison.
• 1990 – 1990 Batticaloa massacre, massacre of 184 minority Tamil civilians by Sri Lankan Army in the eastern Batticaloa District of Sri Lanka.
• 1991 – Tajikstan gains independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1993 – The Palestine Liberation Organization officially recognizes Israel as a legitimate state.
• 1999 – Sega Dreamcast North American Release Date.
• 2001 – Ahmed Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan by two al Qaeda assassins who claimed to be Arab journalists wanting an interview.
• 2001 – Pärnu methanol tragedy occurs in Pärnu County, Estonia.
• 2004 – 2004 Australian embassy bombing: A bomb explodes outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta, killing 10 people.

Births

• 214 – Aurelian, Roman Emperor (d. 275)
• 384 – Flavius Honorius, Roman Emperor (d. 423)
• 1349 – Duke Albert III of Austria (d. 1395)
• 1427 – Thomas de Ros, 10th Baron de Ros, English politician (d. 1464)
• 1466 – Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shogun (d. 1523)
• 1558 – Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercoeur, French soldier (d. 1602)
• 1585 – Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman (d. 1642)
• 1629 – Cornelis Tromp, Dutch admiral (d. 1691)
• 1700 – Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1780)
• 1711 – Thomas Hutchinson, American politician (d. 1780)
• 1721 – Fredrik Henrik af Chapman, Swedish naval architect and vice admiral (d. 1808)
• 1731 – Francisco Javier Clavijero, Mexican writer (d. 1787)
• 1737 – Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798)
• 1754 – William Bligh, British naval officer (d. 1817)
• 1755 – Benjamin Bourne, American politician (d. 1808)
• 1777 – James Carr, U.S. Congressman (d. 1818)
• 1828 – Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist (d. 1910)
• 1834 – Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English novelist (d. 1903)
• 1853 – Fred Spofforth, Australian cricketer (d. 1926)
• 1855 – Anthony Francis Lucas, Croatian-born oil exploration pioneer (d. 1921)
• 1863 – Herbert Henry Ball, Ontario Politician and King's Printer (d. 1943)
• 1868 – Mary Hunter Austin, American writer (d. 1934)
• 1873 – Max Reinhardt, German film director and actor (d. 1943)
• 1877 – Frank Chance, American baseball player (d. 1924)
• 1878 – Adelaide Crapsey, American poet (d. 1914)
• 1878 – Sergio Osmeña, 4^th President of the Philippines (d. 1961)
• 1887 – Alf Landon, American politician (d. 1987)
• 1882 – Clem McCarthy, American sportscaster (d. 1962)
• 1890 – Harland Sanders, American fast-food entrepreneur (d. 1980)
• 1892 – Tsuru Aoki, Japanese-born American actress (d. 1961)
• 1894 – Arthur Freed, American songwriter and film producer (d. 1973)
• 1894 – Humphrey Mitchell, Canadian politician and trade unionist (d. 1950)
• 1894 – Bert Oldfield, Australian cricketer (d. 1976)
• 1898 – Frankie Frisch, American baseball player (d. 1973)
• 1899 – Neil Hamilton, American actor (d. 1984)
• 1899 – Waite Hoyt, American baseball player (d. 1984)
• 1899 – Bruno E. Jacob, Founder of the National Forensic League (d. 1979)
• 1900 – James Hilton, English novelist (d. 1954)
• 1903 – Phyllis Whitney, American writer (d. 2008)
• 1904 – Feroze Khan, Pakistani field hockey player (d. 2005)
• 1904 – Arthur Laing, Canadian politician (d. 1975)
• 1905 – Hussain Sha, Indian philosopher (d. 1981)
• 1908 – Cesare Pavese, Italian poet and novelist (d. 1950)
• 1911 – John Gorton, Australian politician (d. 2002)
• 1911 – Paul Goodman, American poet and writer (d. 1972)
• 1917 – Rolf Wenkhaus, German actor (d. 1942)
• 1918 – Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, 9th President of the Italian Republic
• 1919 – Gottfried Dienst, Swiss football referee (d. 1998)
• 1919 – Jimmy "the Greek" Snyder, American bookmaker and sports commentator (d. 1996)
• 1920 – Neil Chotem, Canadian pianist, conductor and composer (d. 2008)
• 1920 – Feng Kang, Chinese mathematician (d. 1993)
• 1920 – Robert Wood Johnson III, American philanthropist (d. 1970)
• 1920 – Aldo Parisot, American cellist and teacher
• 1922 – Hoyt Curtin, American songwriter (d. 2000)
• 1922 – Hans Georg Dehmelt, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1922 – Manolis Glezos, Greek politician and writer
• 1922 – Warwick Kerr, Brazilian geneticist
• 1923 – Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
• 1924 – Jane Greer, American actress (d. 2001)
• 1924 – Russell M. Nelson, LDS apostle and cardiac surgery pioneer
• 1924 – Rik Van Steenbergen, Belgian cyclist (d. 2003)
• 1925 – Cliff Robertson, American actor
• 1926 – Yusuf al-Qaradawi, prominent Egypt Muslim cleric
• 1927 – Elvin Jones, American jazz drummer (d. 2004)
• 1929 – Claude Nougaro, French singer (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Frank Lucas, Drug Lord
• 1932 – Sylvia Miles, American actress
• 1935 – Gopal Baratham, Singaporean author
• 1935 – Chaim Topol, Israeli actor
• 1938 – Jay Ward, American baseball player
• 1939 – Bruce Gray, Puerto Rican actor
• 1939 – Ron McDole, American football player
• 1939 – Carlos Ortiz, Puerto Rican boxer
• 1941 – Otis Redding, American singer and songwriter (d. 1967)
• 1941 – Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist
• 1942 – Inez Foxx, American R&B singer
• 1942 – Danny Kalb, American musician, (Blues Project)
• 1943 – Art LaFleur, American actor
• 1945 – Dee Dee Sharp, American R&B singer
• 1946 – Doug Ingle, American musician (Iron Butterfly)
• 1946 – Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (d. 2004)
• 1946 – Hayato Tani, Japanese actor
• 1947 – David Rosenboom, American composer
• 1948 – Pamela Des Barres, American groupie and author
• 1949 – Garry Maddox, American baseball player
• 1949 – Daniel Pipes, American writer and political commentator
• 1949 – Joe Theismann, American football player and commentator
• 1949 – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Indonesian politician
• 1949 – John Curry, British figure skater
• 1951 – Robert Desiderio, American actor
• 1951 – Alexander Downer, Australian politician
• 1951 – Tom Wopat, American actor and singer
• 1952 – Angela Cartwright, American actress
• 1952 – Manuel Göttsching, German musician (Ash Ra Tempel)
• 1952 – David A. Stewart, English musician (Eurythmics)
• 1952 – Kirk Baily, American actor and voice actor
• 1954 – Jeffrey Combs, American actor
• 1955 – John Kricfalusi, Canadian animator
• 1957 – Pierre-Laurent Aimard, French pianist
• 1957 – Gabriele Tredozi, Italian engineer
• 1959 – Tom Foley, American baseball player and coach
• 1959 – Eric Serra, French composer
• 1960 – Mario Batali, American chef and restaurateur
• 1960 – Hugh Grant, English actor
• 1960 – Bob Hartley, Canadian ice hockey head coach
• 1960 – Bob Stoops, American football coach
• 1963 – Alexandros Alexiou, Greek footballer
• 1963 – Roberto Donadoni, Italian football player and manager
• 1965 – Dan Majerle, American basketball player
• 1965 – Constance Marie, American actress
• 1965 – Todd Zeile, American baseball player
• 1966 – Georg Hackl, German luger
• 1966 – Kevin Hatcher, American ice hockey player
• 1966 – Adam Sandler, American actor and comedian
• 1967 – B. J. Armstrong, American basketball player
• 1967 – Chris Caffery, American guitarist and singer
• 1967 – Akshay Kumar, Indian actor
• 1967 – Anna Malle, American porn star (d. 2006)
• 1968 – Francois Botha, South African boxer
• 1968 – Jon Drummond, American former sprinter
• 1968 – Julia Sawalha, English actress
• 1968 – Clive Mendonca, English footballer
• 1969 – Rachel Hunter, New Zealand model and actress
• 1970 – Natalia Streignard, Venezuelan actress
• 1971 – Henry Thomas, American actor and musician
• 1972 – Mike Hampton, American baseball player
• 1972 – Natasha Kaplinsky, British newsreader
• 1972 – Félix Rodríguez, Dominican baseball player
• 1972 – Goran Visnjic, Croatian actor
• 1973 – Kazuhisa Ishii, Japanese baseball player
• 1974 – Vikram Batra, Indian soldier (d. 1999)
• 1974 – Divine Brown, Canadian singer
• 1974 – Ana Carolina, Brazilian singer, composer and musician
• 1974 – Shane Crawford, Australian rules footballer
• 1974 – Marcos Curiel, American guitarist (P.O.D.), Songwriter, Producer.
• 1974 – Mathias Färm, Swedish guitarist (Millencolin)
• 1975 – Michael Bublé, Canadian/Italian singer and actor
• 1976 – Chace Ambrose, American actor and writer
• 1976 – Juan A. Baptista, Venezuelan actor
• 1976 – Emma de Caunes, French film actress
• 1976 – Joey Newman, American film composer
• 1976 – Aki Riihilahti, Finnish footballer
• 1976 – Kristoffer Rygg, Norwegian musician (Ulver, Borknagar)
• 1977 – Chae Jung An, South Korean actress and singer
• 1977 – Soulja Slim, American rapper (d. 2003)
• 1977 – Kyle Snyder, American baseball player
• 1978 – Kurt Ainsworth, American baseball player
• 1978 – Shane Battier, American basketball player
• 1978 – Mariano Puerta, Argentine tennis player
• 1979 – Wayne Carlisle, Northern Irish footballer
• 1979 – Nikki DeLoach, American actress and singer
• 1980 – Todd Coffey, American baseball player
• 1980 – Michelle Williams, American actress
• 1981 – Julie Gonzalo, Argentinian actress
• 1982 – John Kuhn, American football player
• 1982 – Graham Onions, English cricketer
• 1982 – Ai Otsuka, Japanese singer, songwriter, pianist and actress
• 1982 – Rômulo Eugênio Togni, Brazilian footballer
• 1983 – Kyle Davies, American baseball player
• 1983 – Kristine Hermosa, Filipina actress
• 1983 – Edwin Jackson, American baseball player
• 1983 – Kim Jung-hwa, South Korean actress and model
• 1983 – Katy Steele, Australian Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter for Little Birdy
• 1983 – Cleveland Taylor, English footballer
• 1984 – Farrah Gray, American author
• 1984 – Brad Guzan, American footballer
• 1984 – James Hildreth, English cricketer
• 1985 – Luka Modrić, Croatian footballer
• 1985 – J. R. Smith, American basketball player
• 1986 – Michael Bowden, American baseball player
• 1986 – Chamu Chibhabha, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1986 – Luc Mbah a Moute, Cameroonian basketball player
• 1987 – Joshua Herdman, English actor
• 1987 – Alexandre Song, Cameroonian footballer
• 1988 – Danilo D'Ambrosio, Italian footballer
• 1988 – Dario D'Ambrosio, Italian footballer
• 1992 – Damian McGinty, Irish Singer
• 2000 – Victoria Federica de Marichalar y de Borbón, granddaughter of king Juan Carlos I of Spain

Deaths

• 1000 – Olaf I of Norway
• 1087 – King William I of England
• 1398 – King James I of Cyprus (b. 1334)
• 1487 – Chenghua, Emperor of China (b. 1447)
• 1488 – Francis II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1433)
• 1513 – King James IV of Scotland (b. 1473)
• 1569 – Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish painter
• 1596 – Anna Jagiellon, Polish Queen (b. 1523)
• 1612 – Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese warlord (b. 1570)
• 1676 – Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, French army officer (b. 1612)
• 1680 – Henry Marten, English regicide (b. 1602)
• 1755 – Johann Lorenz von Mosheim, German historian (b. 1694)
• 1806 – William Paterson, American jurist and statesman (b. 1745)
• 1815 – John Singleton Copley, American painter (b. 1738)
• 1841 – A. P. de Candolle, Swiss botanist (b. 1778)
• 1891 – Jules Grévy, President of France (b. 1813)
• 1898 – Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (b. 1842)
• 1901 – Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter (b. 1864)
• 1907 – Ernest Roland Wilberforce, English bishop (b. 1840)
• 1909 – Edward Henry Harriman, American railroad entrepreneur (b. 1848)
• 1910 – Elizabeth Blackwell, first female American Doctor (b.1821)
• 1915 – Albert Spalding, American baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
• 1941 – Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1869)
• 1960 – Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (b. 1911)
• 1969 – Willy Mairesse, Belgian racing driver (b. 1928)
• 1976 – Yehezkel Abramsky, Russian-born rabbi, head of the London Beth Din for 17 years (b. 1886)
• 1976 – Mao Zedong, Chinese communist leader (b. 1893)
• 1978 – Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet (b. 1892)
• 1978 – Jack Warner, Canadian-born American film executive (b. 1892)
• 1980 – John Howard Griffin, American writer (b. 1920)
• 1981 – Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst (b. 1901)
• 1985 – Paul Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
• 1990 – Doc Cramer, American baseball player (b. 1905)
• 1990 – Samuel Doe, Liberian politician (b. 1951)
• 1990 – Alexander Men, Russian priest (b. 1930)
• 1993 – Helen O'Connell, American singer, actress and dancer (b. 1920)
• 1994 – Patrick O'Neal, American actor (b. 1927)
• 1996 – Bill Monroe, American bluegrass singer and composer (b. 1911)
• 1997 – Richie Ashburn, American baseball player (b. 1927)
• 1997 – Burgess Meredith, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1998 – Bill Cratty, American modern dancer and choreographer (b. 1951)
• 1999 – Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (b. 1946)
• 1999 – Ruth Roman, American actress (b. 1922)
• 1999 – Chan Parker, American author; wife of Charlie Parker and Phil Woods (b. 1925)
• 2000 – Julian Critchley, British politician (b. 1930)
• 2001 – Ahmed Shah Massoud, Afghani military leader (b. 1953)
• 2003 – Larry Hovis, American actor (b. 1936)
• 2003 – Edward Teller, Hungarian-born physicist (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Roland Sherwood "Ernie" Ball, American businessman (b. 1930)
• 2005 – John Wayne Glover, English serial killer (b. 1932)
• 2006 – Gérard Brach, French screenwriter (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Richard Burmer, American composer and musician (b. 1955)
• 2006 – Matt Gadsby, English footballer (b. 1979)
• 2006 – Émilie Mondor, Canadian olympic athlete (b. 1981)
• 2006 – William B. Ziff, Jr., American publishing executive (b. 1930)
• 2007 – Hughie Thomasson, American musician (b. 1952)
• 2007 – Vasyl Kuk, Ukrainian nationalist, last leader of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (b. 1913)
• 2008 – Richard Monette, Canadian actor and director (b. 1944)
• 2008 – Warith Deen Muhammad, American religious leader (b. 1933)

Holidays and observances

• California Admission Day (California)
• Christian Feast Day
  • Ciarán of Clonmacnoise
  • Peter Claver
  • September 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Chrysanthemum Day or Kiku no Sekku (Japan)
• Day of the Victims of Holocaust and of Racial Violence (Slovakia)
• Festivity of Our Lady of Arantzazu (Oñati)
• Independence Day or Republic Day, celebrates the proclamation of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in 1948. (North Korea)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Tajikistan from USSR in 1991.
• Izmir Independence Day, celebrates Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's capture of Izmir, Turkey, from Greece in 1922. (Turkey)
• Synaxis of Ss. Joachim and Anna, an Afterfeast. (Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada