October 14

October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 78 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1066 – Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings – In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the forces of William the Conqueror defeat the English army and kill King Harold II of England.
• 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.
• 1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
• 1586 – Mary, Queen of Scots, goes on trial for conspiracy against Elizabeth I of England.
• 1656 – Massachusetts enacts the first punitive legislation against the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). The marriage of church-and-state in Puritanism makes them regard the Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically subversive.
• 1758 – Seven Years' War: Austria defeats Prussia at the Battle of Hochkirk
• 1773 – The first recorded Ministry of Education, the Komisja Edukacji Narodowej (Polish for Commission of National Education), is formed in Poland.
• 1773 – Just before the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, several of the British East India Company's tea ships are set ablaze at the old seaport of Annapolis, Maryland.
• 1805 – Battle of Elchingen, France defeats Austria
• 1806 – Battle of Jena-Auerstädt France defeats Prussia
• 1808 – The Republic of Ragusa is annexed by France.
• 1812 – Work on London's Regent's Canal starts.
• 1834 – In Philadelphia, members of the American Whig Party and American Democrats carry out a brick, stone, and firearm, battle for the control of an election in Moyamensing Township, resulting in one death, several injuries, and the burning down of a block of the town's buildings.
• 1840 – The Maronite leader Bashir II surrenders to the British Army and then is sent into exile on the islands of Malta.
• 1843 – The British arrest the Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell for conspiracy to commit crimes.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Bristoe Station – Confederate troops under the command of General Robert E. Lee fail to drive the American Union Army completely out of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
• 1867 – The 15th and the last military Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate resigns in Japan, returning his power to the Emperor of Japan and thence to the re-established civil government of Japan
• 1882 – University of the Punjab is founded in a part if India that later became West Pakistan.
• 1884 – The American inventor, George Eastman, receives a U.S. Government patent on his new paper-strip photographic film.
• 1888 – Louis Le Prince films first motion picture: Roundhay Garden Scene.
• 1910 – The English aviator Claude Grahame-White lands his Farman Aircraft biplane on Executive Avenue near the White House in Washington, D.C.
• 1912 – While campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the former President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, is shot and mildly wounded by John Schrank, who was angry with Roosevelt for some reason. With the fresh wound in his chest, and the bullet still within it, Mr. Roosevelt still carries out his scheduled public speech.
• 1913 – Senghenydd Colliery Disaster, the United Kingdom's worst coal mining accident, occurs, and it claims the lives of 439 miners.
• 1920 – Part of Petsamo Province is ceded by the Soviet Union to Finland.
• 1925 – An Anti-French uprising in French-occupied Damascus, Syria. (All French inhabitants flee the city.)
• 1926 – The children's book Winnie-the-Pooh, by A.A. Milne, is first published.
• 1933 – Nazi Germany withdraws from The League of Nations.
• 1938 – The first flight of the Curtiss Aircraft Company's P-40 Warhawk fighter plane.
• 1939 – The German Kriegsmarine submarine (U-boat) U-47 sinks the British battleship HMS Royal Oak within her harbor at Scapa Flow, Scotland.
• 1940 – Balham subway station disaster, in London, England, occurs during the Nazi Luftwaffe air raids on Great Britain.
• 1943 – Prisoners at the Nazi German Sobibor extermination camp in Poland revolted against the Germans, killing eleven SS troops who were guards there, and wounding many more. About 300 of the Sobibor Camp's 600 prisoners escaped from this Nazi extermination camp, and about 50 of these survived past the end of World War II (on May 8, 1945, European time).
• 1943 – The American Eighth Air Force loses 60 B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers in aerial combat during the second mass-daylight air raid on the Schweinfurt ball-bearing factories in western Nazi Germany.
• 1944 – Athens, Greece, is liberated by British Army troops entering the city as the Nazi German Army pulls out during World War II. This clears the way for the Greek government-in-exile to return to its historic capital city, with George Papandreou, Sr., as the head-of-government.
• 1947 – Captain Chuck Yeager of the U.S. Air Force flies a Bell X-1 rocket-powered experimental aircraft, the Glamorous Glennis, faster than the speed of sound - over the high desert of Southern California - and becomes the first pilot and the first airplane to do so in level flight.
• 1949 – Eleven leaders of the American Communist Party are convicted, after a nine-month trial in a Federal District Court, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. Federal Government.
• 1949 – The Red Chinese Army occupies the city of Canton, in Guangzhou, China.
• 1956 – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the Indian Untouchable caste leader, converts to Buddhism along with 385,000 of his followers (see Neo-Buddhism).
• 1957 – Queen Elizabeth II becomes the first Canadian Monarch to open up an annual session of the Canadian Parliament, presenting her Speech from the Throne in Ottawa, Canada].
• 1958 – The American Atomic Energy Commission, with supporting military units, carries out an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site, just north of Las Vegas, Nevada.
• 1958 – The District of Columbia's Bar Association votes to accept African-Americans as member attorneys.
• 1962 – The Cuban Missile Crisis begins: A U.S. Air Force U-2 reconnaissance plane and its pilot fly over the island of Cuba and take photographs of Soviet missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads being installed and erected in Cuba.
• 1964 – Leonid Brezhnev becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and thereby, along with his allies - such as Alexei Kosygin - the leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), ousting the former monolithic leader Nikita Khrushchev, and sending him into retirement as a nonperson in the USSR.
• 1966 – The city of Montreal, Quebec, begins the operation of its underground Montreal Metro rapid-transit system.
• 1967 – The Vietnam War: The folk singer Joan Baez is arrested concerning a physical blockade of the U.S. Army's induction center in Oakland, California.
• 1968 – Vietnam War: 27 soldiers are arrested at the Presidio of San Francisco in California for their peaceful protest of stockade conditions and the Vietnam War.
• 1968 – Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps will send about 24,000 soldiers and Marines back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours of duty in the combat zone there.
• 1968 – The first live telecast from any manned spacecraft, the Apollo 7, launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the U.S.A.
• 1968 – An earthquake rated at 6.8 on the Richter Scale destroys the Australian town of Meckering, Western Australia, and it also ruptures all nearby main highways and railroads.
• 1968 – Jim Hines of the United States of America becomes the first man ever to break the so-called "ten-second barrier" in the 100-meter sprint in the Summer Olympic Games held in Mexico City with a time of 9.95 seconds. Hines remained the only athlete to sprint 100 meters in under 10.0 seconds until the year 1977.
• 1969 – The United Kingdom introduces the British fifty-pence coin, which replaced, over the following years, the British ten-shilling note, in anticipation of the decimalization of the British currency in 1971, and the abolition of the shilling as a unit of currency anywhere in the world. (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, etc., had already abolished the shilling in favor of a decimal currency with exactly 100 pence per pound sterling or dollar, whichever was applicable.}
• 1973 – In the Thammasat student uprising over 100,000 people protest in Thailand against the Thanom military government; 77 are killed and 857 are injured by soldiers.
• 1979 – The first Gay Rights March on Washington, D.C., the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, demands "an end to all social, economic, judicial, and legal oppression of lesbian and gay people", and draws 200,000 people.
• 1981 – Citing official misconduct in the investigation and trial, Amnesty International charges the U.S. Federal Government with holding Richard Marshall of the American Indian Movement as a political prisoner.
• 1981 – Vice President Hosni Mubarak is elected as the President of Egypt one week after the assassination murder of the President of Egypt, Anwar Sadat. As of June 1, 2010, Mr. Mubarak is still the President of Egypt, having been re-elected several times.
• 1982 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan proclaims a War on Drugs.
• 1994 – The Palestinian leader, Yasser Arafat, The Prime Minister of Israel, Yitzhak Rabin, and the Foreign Minister of Israel, Shimon Peres, receive the Nobel Peace Prize for their work at ending the decades-long state-of-war between Egypt and Israel and for establishing normal diplomatic relations for the very first time.
• 1998 – Eric Robert Rudolph is charged with six bombings including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.

Births

• 1257 – King Przemysl II of Poland (d. 1296)
• 1404 – Marie of Anjou, queen of France (d. 1463)
• 1493 – Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (d. 1568)
• 1499 – Claude of France, wife of Francis I of France (d. 1524)
• 1630 – Sophia of Hanover, Princess Palatine and Electress of Saxony (d. 1714)
• 1633 – James II of England and VII of Scotland (d. 1701)
• 1643 – Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1712)
• 1644 – William Penn, English founder of Pennsylvania (d. 1718)
• 1687 – Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (d. 1768)
• 1712 – George Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1770)
• 1726 – Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, English sailor and politician (d. 1813)
• 1733 – François Sebastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (d. 1798)
• 1784 – King Ferdinand VII of Spain (d. 1833)
• 1790 – Thursday October Christian (d. 1831)
• 1801 – Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist (d. 1883)
• 1806 – Preston King, U.S. Senator from New York (d. 1865)
• 1840 – Dimitri Pisarev, Russian writer and social critic (d. 1868)
• 1842 – Joe Start, American baseball player (d. 1927)
• 1853 – Ciprian Porumbescu, Romanian composer (d. 1883)
• 1861 – Artur Gavazzi, Croatian geographer (d. 1944)
• 1869 – Joseph Duveen, British art dealer (d. 1939)
• 1873 – Ray Ewry, American athlete (d. 1937)
• 1873 – Jules Rimet, president of FIFA (d. 1954)
• 1882 – Eamon de Valera, Irish politician and patriot (d. 1975)
• 1882 – Charlie Parker, English cricketer (d. 1959)
• 1888 – Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand writer (d. 1923)
• 1890 – Dwight D. Eisenhower, U.S. general and 34th President of the United States (d. 1969)
• 1892 – Sumner Welles, American diplomat (d. 1961)
• 1893 – Lillian Gish, American actress (d. 1993)
• 1894 – E. E. Cummings, American poet (d. 1962)
• 1900 – Agustín Lara, Mexican composer (d. 1970)
• 1902 – Learco Guerra, Italian cyclist (d. 1963)
• 1904 – Christian Pineau, French World War II resistance fighter (d. 1995)
• 1906 – Hannah Arendt, German political theorist and writer (d. 1975)
• 1906 – Imam Hassan al Banna, Egyptian founder of the Muslim Brotherhood (d. 1949)
• 1907 – Allan Jones, American actor and singer (d. 1992)
• 1908 – Ruth Hale, American playwright and actress (d. 2003)
• 1909 – Bernd Rosemeyer, German racecar driver (d. 1938)
• 1909 – Dorothy Kingsley, American screenwriter (d. 1996)
• 1910 – John Wooden, American basketball player and coach (d. 2010)
• 1911 – Lê Ðức Thọ, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1990)
• 1914 – Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2006)
• 1914 – Dick Durrance, American skier (d. 2004)
• 1914 – Harry Brecheen, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1916 – C. Everett Koop, United States Surgeon General
• 1918 – Marcel Chaput, French Canadian politician (d. 1991)
• 1926 – Bill Justis, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1982)
• 1927 – Roger Moore, English actor
• 1928 – Frank E. Resnik, American business executive (d. 1995)
• 1929 – Yvon Durelle, Canadian boxer (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (d. 1997)
• 1931 – Nikhil Banerjee, Indian classical musician (d. 1986)
• 1932 – Anatoly Larkin, Russian-American physicist (d. 2005)
• 1932 – Enrico di Giuseppe, American tenor (d. 2005)
• 1932 – Dyanne Thorne, American actress
• 1935 – La Monte Young, American composer
• 1938 – John W. Dean III, Watergate figure
• 1938 – Empress Farah Diba of Iran
• 1938 – Ron Lancaster, American-born Canadian football player and coach (d. 2008)
• 1939 – Ralph Lauren, American fashion designer
• 1939 – Rocky Thompson, American golfer
• 1940 – Perrie Mans, South African snooker player
• 1940 – Cliff Richard, English singer
• 1940 – Christopher Timothy, British actor
• 1941 – Art Shamsky, American baseball player
• 1941 – Jerry Glanville, American football coach
• 1942 – Evelio Javier, Filipino politician, lawyer, and civil servant (d. 1986)
• 1944 – Udo Kier, German actor
• 1945 – Colin Hodgkinson, English musician (Whitesnake)
• 1946 – Justin Hayward, English musician (Moody Blues)
• 1946 – James Robert "Radio" Kennedy, American football coach
• 1946 – Craig Venter, American biologist
• 1946 – Al Oliver, American baseball player
• 1946 – Dan McCafferty, Scottish musician (Nazareth)
• 1947 – Lukas Resetarits, Austrian cabaret artist
• 1947 – Norman Harris, American musician (The Trammps)
• 1948 – David Ruprecht, American game show host
• 1948 – Engin Arık, Turkish nuclear physicist (d. 2007)
• 1949 – Katy Manning, English/Australian actress
• 1949 – Katha Pollitt, American writer
• 1950 – Joey Travolta, American actor, producer, director and writer
• 1952 – Nikolai Andrianov, Soviet gymnast
• 1952 – Harry Anderson, American actor
• 1953 – Shelley Ackerman, American astrologer, writer, singer
• 1953 – Greg Evigan, American actor
• 1954 – Carole Malone, English newspaper columnist
• 1957 – Michel Després, Quebec politician
• 1958 – Thomas Dolby, English musician
• 1958 – Aino-Maija Luukkonen, Finnish politician
• 1959 – A.J. Pero, American drummer (Twisted Sister)
• 1960 – Steve Cram, English athlete
• 1961 – Isaac Mizrahi American fashion designer
• 1962 – Jaan Ehlvest, Estonian chess player
• 1963 – Yim Jae-beom, South Korean singer
• 1963 – Lori Petty, American actress
• 1964 – Olu Oguibe, American artist
• 1964 – Joe Girardi, American baseball player and manager
• 1964 – Jim Rome, American sport talk show host
• 1964 – David Kaye, Canadian actor
• 1965 – Jüri Jaanson, Estonian rower
• 1965 – Constantine Koukias, Australian composer
• 1965 – Steve Coogan, English actor
• 1965 – Karyn White, American singer
• 1966 – Savanna Samson, American porn star
• 1966 – Mark Nyman, English Scrabble player
• 1967 – Pat Kelly, American baseball player
• 1967 – Sylvain Lefebvre, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1967 – Stephen A. Smith, American sports journalist
• 1968 – Matthew Le Tissier, English footballer
• 1968 – Johnny Goudie, American musician
• 1969 – Christophe Agou, French photographer
• 1969 – David Strickland, American actor (d. 1999)
• 1969 – P. J. Brown, American basketball player
• 1970 – Jim Jackson, American basketball player
• 1970 – Daniela Peštová, Czech supermodel
• 1970 – Jon Seda, Puerto Rican actor
• 1970 – Pär Zetterberg, Swedish football player
• 1971 – Jorge Costa, Portuguese footballer
• 1973 – Lasha Zhvania, Georgian politician
• 1974 – Natalie Maines, American musician (Dixie Chicks)
• 1974 – Jessica Drake, American porn star
• 1974 – Joseph Utsler, American musician
• 1974 – Viktor Röthlin, Swiss marathoner
• 1975 – Floyd Landis, American cyclist
• 1975 – Shaznay Lewis, English singer (All Saints)
• 1976 – Nataša Kejžar, Slovenian swimmer
• 1976 – Henry Mateo, Dominican baseball player
• 1976 – Ben Pridmore, World Memory Champion
• 1976 – Tillakaratne Dilshan, Sri Lankan Cricketer
• 1977 – Kelly Schumacher, Canadian basketball player
• 1977 – Bianca Beauchamp, adult model
• 1977 – Jonathan Kerrigan, English actor
• 1977 – Tina Dico, Danish singer-songwriter
• 1978 – Justin Brannan, American musician, writer
• 1978 – Ryan Church, American baseball player
• 1978 – Paul Hunter, English snooker player (d. 2006)
• 1978 – Steven Thompson, Scottish footballer
• 1978 – Usher, American singer and actor
• 1978 – Javon Walker, American football player
• 1979 – Stacy Keibler, American actress and professional wrestler
• 1980 – Paul Ambrosi, Ecuadorian footballer
• 1980 – Scott Kooistra, American football player
• 1980 – Niels Lodberg, Danish footballer
• 1980 – Terrence McGee, American football player
• 1980 – Ben Whishaw, English actor
• 1981 – Gautam Gambhir, Indian cricketer
• 1982 – Cosmin Curiman, Romanian football player
• 1982 – Ryan Hall, American Olympic Marathoner
• 1982 – Matt Roth, American football player
• 1983 – Vanessa Lane, American porn star
• 1983 – Lin Dan, Chinese badminton player
• 1984 – LaRon Landry, American football player
• 1985 – Daniel Clark, American actor
• 1985 – Digão, Brazilian footballer
• 1985 – Alexandre Sarnes Negrão, Brazilian racing driver
• 1985 – Sherlyn, Mexican actress
• 1986 – Tom Craddock, English footballer
• 1986 – Skyler Shaye, American actress
• 1988 – Will Atkinson, English footballer
• 1988 – MacKenzie Mauzy, American actress
• 1988 – Max Thieriot, American actor
• 1989 – Mia Wasikowska, Australian actress
• 1990 – Alexandra Krosney, American actress
• 1991 – Shona McGarty, English actress
• 1992 – Savannah Outen, American singer

Deaths

• 1066 – Harold Godwinson, King of England (b. 1022)
• 1092 – Nizam al-Mulk, Seljuk vizier (b. 1018)
• 1256 – Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (b. 1239)
• 1318 – Edward Bruce, High King of Ireland (b. 1280)
• 1552 – Oswald Myconius, Swiss Protestant reformer (b. 1488)
• 1565 – Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521)
• 1568 – Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer
• 1610 – Amago Yoshihisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1540)
• 1619 – Samuel Daniel, English poet (b. 1562)
• 1637 – Gabriello Chiabrera, Italian poet (b. 1552)
• 1660 – Thomas Harrison, English Puritan soldier (b. 1606)
• 1669 – Antonio Cesti, Italian composer (b. 1623)
• 1703 – Thomas Hansen Kingo, Danish poet (b. 1634)
• 1711 – Tewoflos, Emperor of Ethiopia
• 1758 – Francis Edward James Keith, Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (b. 1696)
• 1792 – Sophie Charlotte Ackermann, German actress (b. 1714)
• 1831 – Jean-Louis Pons, French astronomer (b. 1761)
• 1911 – John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)
• 1929 – Henri Berger, German composer and royal bandmaster (b. 1844)
• 1944 – Erwin Rommel, German field marshall (b. 1891)
• 1958 – Douglas Mawson, Australian Antarctic explorer (b. 1882)
• 1959 – Errol Flynn, Australian actor (b. 1909)
• 1960 – Abram Ioffe, Russian physicist (b. 1880)
• 1961 – Paul Ramadier, French politician (b. 1888)
• 1961 – Harriet Shaw Weaver, English political activist (b. 1876)
• 1965 – Randall Jarrell, American poet, novelist, critic, children's author and essayist (b. 1914)
• 1967 – Marcel Aymé, French novelist and playwright (b. 1902)
• 1969 – Haguroyama Masaji, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 36^th Yokozuna (b. 1914)
• 1973 – Edmund A. Chester, American broadcaster and journalist (b. 1897)
• 1973 – Ahmed Hamdi, Egyptian soldier, who fought in Yom Kippur (b. 1929)
• 1976 – Dame Edith Evans, English actress (b. 1888)
• 1977 – Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (b. 1903)
• 1983 – Willard Price, Canadian author and naturalist (b. 1887)
• 1984 – Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (b. 1918)
• 1985 – Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (b. 1916)
• 1986 – Keenan Wynn, American actor (b. 1916)
• 1989 – Michael Carmine, American actor (b.1959)
• 1990 – Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (b. 1918)
• 1997 – Harold Robbins, American novelist (b. 1915)
• 1998 – Cleveland Amory, American writer and animal rights activist (b. 1917)
• 1998 – Frankie Yankovic, American musician (b. 1916)
• 1999 – Julius Nyerere, Tanzanian politician (b. 1922)
• 2002 – Norbert Schultze, German composer and songwriter (b. 1911)
• 2003 – Patrick Dalzel-Job, English soldier and inspiration for James Bond (b. 1913)
• 2004 – Vlassis Bonatsos, Greek singer, actor and entertainer (b. 1949)
• 2005 – Jody Dobrowski, English murder victim (b. 1981)
• 2006 – Jared Anderson, American bassist (b. 1975)
• 2006 – Freddy Fender, American musician (b. 1937)
• 2006 – Maurice Grosse, British paranormal investigator (b. 1919)
• 2006 – Nancy Lynn, American aviator (b. 1956)
• 2006 – Gerry Studds, American politician (b. 1937)
• 2007 – Big Moe, American rapper (b. 1974)
• 2008 – Richard Cooey, American murderer and rapist (executed) (b. 1967)
• 2009 – Captain Lou Albano. American Professional Wrestler and Manager. (b. 1933)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Angadrisma
  • Fortunatus of Todi
  • Pope Callistus I
• Day of the Cathedral of Living Pillar (Georgian Orthodox Church)
• National Education Day, formerly Teachers' Day (Poland)
• Nyerere Day (Tanzania)
• World Standards Day (International)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada