October 19

October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 73 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the invading Carthaginian army.
• 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
• 1216 – King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
• 1453 – The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
• 1466 – The Thirteen Years War ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.
• 1469 – Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
• 1512 – Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
• 1649 – New Ross town, Co. Wexford, Ireland, surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
• 1781 – At Yorktown, Virginia, representatives of British commander Lord Cornwallis handed over Cornwallis' sword and formally surrendered to George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau.
• 1789 – Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1812 – Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
• 1813 – The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
• 1822 – In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí.
• 1864 – Battle of Cedar Creek – Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroy the Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
• 1864 – St. Albans Raid – Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
• 1873 – Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
• 1904 – Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley.
• 1912 – Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1914 – The First Battle of Ypres begins.
• 1917 – The Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
• 1921 – Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
• 1933 – Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
• 1935 – The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
• 1943 – Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
• 1944 – United States forces land in the Philippines.
• 1950 – The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.
• 1950 – Korean War: After the Chinese leadership finally settled the issue of armed intervention on October 18, the People's Republic of China joins the Korean War by sending thousands of troops across the Yalu river to fight United Nations forces.
• 1954 – First ascent of Cho Oyu
• 1959 – The first discothèque opens.
• 1969 – The first Prime Minister of Tunisia in twelve years, Bahi Ladgham, is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba.
• 1973 – President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court decision that he turn over the Watergate tapes.
• 1974 – Niue becomes a self-governing colony of New Zealand.
• 1976 – Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon.
• 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
• 1986 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others die when their Tupolev 134 plane crashes into the Lebombo Mountains.
• 1987 – In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
• 1987 – Black Monday - the Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points.
• 1989 – The convictions of the Guildford Four are quashed by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, after they had spent 15 years in prison.
• 2001 – SIEV-X, an Indonesian fishing boat en-route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 asylum seekers, sinks in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
• 2003 – Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
• 2004 – Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the State Peace and Development Council on charges of corruption.
• 2004 – Care International aid worker Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in Iraq.
• 2005 – Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
• 2005 – Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
• 2007 – Philippines. Amidst corruption controversies hounding the Arroyo administration, a bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in Makati. The blast killed 11 and injured more than 100 people.

Births

• 1276 – Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)
• 1433 – Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
• 1562 – Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
• 1582 – Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Tsarevich (d. 1591)
• 1605 – Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
• 1610 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
• 1658 – Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)
• 1680 – John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)
• 1688 – William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)
• 1718 – Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)
• 1720 – John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)
• 1721 – Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)
• 1784 – James Henry Leigh Hunt, English Romantic critic, essayist, and poet (d. 1859)
• 1784 – John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)
• 1810 – Cassius Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903)
• 1826 – Ralph Tollemache, British clergyman (d. 1895)
• 1850 – Annie Smith Peck, American mountaineer (d. 1935)
• 1851 – Empress Myeongseong, Empress of Korea (d. 1895)
• 1858 – George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)
• 1862 – Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d. 1954)
• 1868 – Bertha Landes, first woman mayor of a major US city (d. 1943)
• 1873 – Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925)
• 1873 – John Barton King, American cricketer (d. 1965)
• 1876 – Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (d. 1945)
• 1882 – Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1916)
• 1885 – Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956)
• 1895 – Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
• 1895 – Frank Durbin, last American veteran of the Battle of Verdun (d. 1999)
• 1896 – Bob O'Farrell, American baseball player (d. 1988)
• 1897 – Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994)
• 1899 – Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• 1900 – Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
• 1900 – Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957)
• 1900 – Erna Berger, German soprano (d. 1990)
• 1901 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (d. 1996)
• 1903 – Tor Johnson, Swedish wrestler and actor (d. 1971)
• 1907 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)
• 1908 – Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
• 1909 – Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (d. 1981)
• 1909 – Marguerite Perey, French physicist (d. 1975)
• 1910 – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1910 – Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (d. 1980)
• 1910 – Shunkichi Hamada, Japanese field hockey player (d. 2009)
• 1913 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
• 1915 – Farid al-Atrash, Syrian composer, musician, and actor (d. 1974)
• 1916 – Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009)
• 1916 – Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985)
• 1918 – Charles Evans, British mountaineer, leader of the expedition that made the first ascent of Kangchenjunga in 1955 (d. 1995)
• 1920 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher (d. 2003)
• 1920 – Harry Alan Towers, English film producer and screenwriter (d. 2009)
• 1922 – Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)
• 1926 – Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d. 2004)
• 1926 – Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter (d. 2009)
• 1927 – Pierre Alechinsky, Belgian painter.
• 1928 – Lou Scheimer, American animation producer
• 1931 – John le Carré, English novelist
• 1932 – Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1936 – Tony Lo Bianco, American actor
• 1936 – James Bevel, American activist (d. 2008)
• 1937 – Peter Max, American artist
• 1937 – Marilyn Bell, Canadian swimmer
• 1940 – Michael Gambon, Irish-born British actor
• 1941 – Simon Ward, British actor
• 1942 – Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
• 1943 – Robin Holloway, British composer
• 1943 – Takis Ikonomopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1944 – George McCrae, American soul singer
• 1944 – Peter Tosh, Jamaican reggae singer (Most famously with The Wailers (reggae band))
• 1945 – Divine, American actor (d. 1988)
• 1945 – Patricia Ireland, American attorney and feminist
• 1945 – John Lithgow, American actor
• 1945 – Jeannie C. Riley American country and gospel singer
• 1946 – Philip Pullman, English writer
• 1947 – Giorgio Cavazzano, Italian comic strip artist
• 1948 – Patrick Simmons, American musician
• 1948 – Dave Mallow, American voice actor
• 1949 – Lynn Dickey, American football player
• 1949 – Jamie McGrigor, British politician
• 1951 – Demetrios Christodoulou, Greek mathematical physicist, recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize
• 1952 – Verónica Castro, Mexican actress and singer
• 1953 – Lionel Hollins, American basketball player and coach
• 1954 – Joe Bryant, American basketball player
• 1954 – Sam Allardyce, English football manager
• 1954 – Deborah Blum, American writer
• 1955 – Melpo Kosti, Greek actress
• 1956 – Grover Norquist, American political figure
• 1956 – Didier Theys, Belgian racing driver
• 1956 – Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993)
• 1956 – Bruce Weber, American Basketball Coach
• 1957 – Ray Richmond, American columnist and critic
• 1957 – Karl Wallinger, Welsh musician
• 1957 – Doug Kirby, American author and travel guide
• 1958 – Tiriel Mora, Australian actor
• 1958 – Lou Briel, Puerto Rican singer and actor
• 1958 – Michael Steele, American political figure
• 1959 – Nir Barkat, Mayor of Jerusalem
• 1961 – Sunny Deol, Indian actor
• 1962 – Tracy Chevalier, American author
• 1962 – Evander Holyfield, American boxer
• 1963 – Prince Laurent of Belgium
• 1964 – Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer
• 1965 – Brad Daugherty, American basketball player
• 1965 – Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
• 1966 – Roger R. Cross, Jamaican-born actor
• 1966 – Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director
• 1966 – Dimitris Lyacos, Greek poet and playwright
• 1966 – Sinitta, American singer
• 1967 – Yoko Shimomura, Japanese composer
• 1967 – Amy Carter, daughter of US President Jimmy Carter
• 1969 – Trey Parker, American cartoonist and actor
• 1969 – Erwin Sánchez, Bolivian footballer
• 1969 – DJ Sammy, Spanish DJ
• 1969 – John Edward, American TV Psychic
• 1970 – Chris Kattan, American comedian and actor
• 1972 – Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher
• 1972 – Pras, American musician
• 1973 – Hicham Arazi, Moroccan tennis player
• 1973 – Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 – Joy Bryant, American actress
• 1976 – Omar Gooding, American actor
• 1976 – Desmond Harrington, American actor
• 1976 – Dan Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 – Michael Young, baseball player
• 1977 – Louis-José Houde, Canadian stand-up comic
• 1977 – Jason Reitman, Canadian filmmaker
• 1977 – Raúl Tamudo, Spanish footballer
• 1977 – Habib Beye, Senegalese footballer
• 1978 – Enrique Bernoldi, Brazilian race car driver
• 1978 – James Roberts, British Ice Hockey Player
• 1978 – Zakhar Dubenskiy, Russian footballer
• 1978 – Henri Sorvali, Finnish musician
• 1979 – Marc Elliott, British actor
• 1979 – José Luis López, Mexican footballer
• 1979 – Brian Robertson, American trombonist (Suburban Legends)
• 1980 – Benjamin Salisbury, American actor
• 1980 – Rajai Davis, American baseball player
• 1981 – Heikki Kovalainen, Finnish race car driver
• 1981 – Christian Bautista, Philippine singer
• 1982 – Gonzalo Pineda, Mexican footballer
• 1982 – Louis Oosthuizen, South African golfer
• 1984 – Kaio de Almeida, Brazilian swimmer
• 1985 – Terry Etim, English mixed martial artist
• 1989 – Miroslav Stoch, Slovakian footballer
• 1990 – Janet Leon, Swedish singer and dancer (Play)
• 1993 – Abby Sunderland, American sailor

Deaths

• 727 – Saint Frideswide
• 1187 – Pope Urban III
• 1216 – King John of England (b. 1167)
• 1432 – John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
• 1587 – Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
• 1608 – Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)
• 1636 – Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
• 1682 – Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
• 1723 – Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)
• 1745 – Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)
• 1790 – Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
• 1796 – Michel de Beaupuy, French general of the Revolution (b. 1755)
• 1813 – Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
• 1815 – Paolo Mascagni, Anatomist (b. 1755)
• 1842 – Aleksey Koltsov, Russian poet (b. 1808)
• 1851 – Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte (b. 1778)
• 1856 – William Sprague III, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1799)
• 1889 – King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)
• 1893 – Lucy Stone, American suffragist and women's rights activist (b. 1818)
• 1897 – George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
• 1901 – Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)
• 1918 – Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
• 1936 – Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)
• 1937 – Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1871)
• 1943 – Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
• 1945 – Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico (b. 1877)
• 1950 – Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)
• 1956 – Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
• 1960 – George Wallace, Australian vaudevillian and film comedian (b. 1895)
• 1964 – Nettie Palmer, Australian poet and essayist (b. 1885)
• 1970 – Lázaro Cárdenas, President of Mexico (b. 1895)
• 1978 – Gig Young, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)
• 1984 – Jerzy Popiełuszko, Polish priest, associated with the Solidarity union, murdered by the agents of internal intelligence agency (b. 1947)
• 1985 – Alfred Rouleau, French Canadian businessman (b. 1915)
• 1986 – Dele Giwa, Nigerian journalist
• 1986 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (b. 1933)
• 1987 – Jacqueline du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
• 1987 – Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b. 1909)
• 1988 – Son House, American musician (b. 1902)
• 1994 – Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b. 1916)
• 1995 – Don Cherry, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1936)
• 1997 – Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
• 1999 – Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)
• 1999 – James C. Murray, American politician (b. 1917)
• 2000 – Hortense Ellis, Jamaican reggae singer (b. 1941)
• 2003 – Alija Izetbegović, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)
• 2003 – Road Warrior Hawk, American professional wrestler (b. 1960)
• 2005 – Dallas Cook, American musician (Suburban Legends) (b. 1982)
• 2005 – Corinne Lévesque, wife of Quebec premier René Lévesque (b. 1943)
• 2006 – James Glennon, American cinematographer (b. 1942)
• 2007 – Randall Forsberg, American nuclear freeze advocate (b. 1943)
• 2007 – Michael Maidens, English footballer with Hartlepool United (b. 1987)
• 2007 – Jan Wolkers, Dutch writer (b. 1925)
• 2008 – Mr. Blackwell, American fashion critic (b. 1922)
• 2008 – Rudy Ray Moore, American comedian and actor (Dolemite) (b. 1937)
• 2009 – Howard Unruh, American spree killer (b. 1921)
• 2009 – Joseph Wiseman, Canadian actor (b. 1918)

Holidays and observances

• Armilustrium in honor of Mars (Roman Empire)
• Christian Feast Day
  • Aaron (Coptic Church)
  • Frideswide
  • Isaac Jogues, Jean de Brébeuf, and Companions
  • October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Constitution Day, in honor of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974. (Niue)
• Independence Day of State of Piauí (Brazil)
• Mother Teresa Day (Albania)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada